Original orthography (1848)[9][10]
English translation
I
Deșteaptă-te, române, din somnul cel de moarte,
În care te-adânciră 𝄆 barbarii de tirani 𝄇!
(𝄆) Acum ori niciodată, croiește-ți altă soarte,[b]
La care să se-nchine 𝄆 și cruzii tăi dușmani 𝄇. (𝄇)
II
Acum ori niciodată să dăm dovezi la[c] lume
Că-n aste mâni mai curge 𝄆 un sânge de roman 𝄇,
(𝄆) Și că-n a noastre piepturi păstrăm cu fală-un nume
Triumfător în lupte, 𝄆 un nume de Traian 𝄇! (𝄇)
III
Înalță-ți lata frunte și caută-n giur de tine,
Cum stau ca brazi în munte 𝄆 voinici sute de mii 𝄇;
(𝄆) Un glas ei mai așteaptă și sar ca lupi în stâne,
Bătrâni, bărbați, juni, tineri, 𝄆 din munți și din câmpii 𝄇! (𝄇)
IV
Priviți, mărețe umbre, Mihai, Ștefan, Corvine,
Româna națiune[d], 𝄆 ai voștri strănepoți 𝄇,
(𝄆) Cu brațele armate, cu focul vostru-n vine,
„Viața-n libertate 𝄆 ori moarte!” strigă toți 𝄇. (𝄇)
V
Pre voi vă nimiciră a pizmei răutate
Și oarba neunire 𝄆 la Milcov și Carpați 𝄇!
(𝄆) Dar noi, pătrunși la suflet de sfânta libertate,
Jurăm că vom da mâna, 𝄆 să fim pururea frați 𝄇! (𝄇)
VI
O mamă văduvită de la Mihai cel Mare
Pretinde de la fii-și 𝄆 azi mână d-ajutori 𝄇,
(𝄆) Și blastămă cu lacrămi în ochi pe orișicare,
În astfel de pericul 𝄆 s-ar face vânzători 𝄇! (𝄇)
VII
De fulgere să piară, de trăsnet și pucioasă,
Oricare s-ar retrage 𝄆 din gloriosul loc 𝄇,
(𝄆) Când patria sau mama, cu inima duioasă,
Va cere ca să trecem 𝄆 prin sabie și foc 𝄇! (𝄇)
VIII
N-ajunse iataganul barbarei semilune,
A cărui plăgi fatale 𝄆 și azi le mai simțim 𝄇;
(𝄆) Acum se vâră cnuta în vetrele străbune,
Dar martor ne e Domnul 𝄆 că vii nu o primim 𝄇! (𝄇)
IX
N-ajunse despotismul cu-ntreaga lui orbie,
Al cărui jug din seculi 𝄆 ca vitele-l purtăm 𝄇;
(𝄆) Acum se-ncearcă cruzii, în oarba lor trufie,
Să ne răpească limba, 𝄆 dar morți numai o dăm 𝄇! (𝄇)
X
Români din patru unghiuri, acum ori niciodată
Uniți-vă în cuget, 𝄆 uniți-vă-n simțiri 𝄇!
(𝄆) Strigați în lumea largă că Dunărea-i furată
Prin intrigă și silă, 𝄆 viclene uneltiri 𝄇! (𝄇)
XI
Preoți, cu crucea-n frunte căci oastea e creștină,
Deviza-i libertate 𝄆 și scopul ei preasfânt 𝄇.
(𝄆) Murim mai bine-n luptă, cu glorie deplină,
Decât să fim sclavi iarăși[e] 𝄆 în vechiul nost' pământ 𝄇! (𝄇)
I
Deщеаптъ-те, роmъnе, dіn соmnȢл чел dе móрте
Ꙟn каре тĕ аdъnчіръ 𝄆 барбарii dе тіраnĭ 𝄇!
(𝄆) АкȢm орĭ nічĭ оdатъ кроĭеще'цĭ алтъ сóрте
Ла кареа съ се 'nкіnе 𝄆 ші крȢzіĭ тъĭ dȢшmаnĭ 𝄇! (𝄇)
II
АкȢm, орĭ nічĭ оdатъ съ dъm dовеzĭ ла лȢmе,
Къ 'nасте mъnĭ mаĭ кȢрџе 𝄆 Ȣn съnџе dе роmаn 𝄇,
(𝄆) Шĭ къ'n а nóстре пептȢрĭ пъстръm кȢ фалъ Ȣn nȢmе
ТрĭȢmфътор ꙟн лȢпте, 𝄆 Ȣn nȢmе dе Траĭаn 𝄇. (𝄇)
III
Ꙟnалцъ'цĭ лата фрȢnте, ші каȢтъ 'n џіȢр dе тіnе
КȢm стаȢ ка браzĭ ꙟн mȢnте 𝄆 воĭnічĭ сȢте dе mіĭ 𝄇!
(𝄆) Ꙋn глас еĭ mаĭ ащеатъ ші сар ка лȢпĭ ꙟн стіnе
Бътръnĭ, бърбацĭ, жȢnĭ, тіnерĭ 𝄆 dіn mȢnцĭ ші dіn къmпіĭ 𝄇! (𝄇)
IV
Прівіцĭ mъреце Ȣmбре, МіхаĭȢ, Щефаn, Корвіnе
Ла nаціа роmъnъ, 𝄆 л'аĭ востріĭ стръnепоцĭ 𝄇!
(𝄆) КȢ брацеле арmате, кȢ фокȢл вострȢ'n віnе,
Віĭацъ 'n лібертате, 𝄆 орĭ móрте стрігъ тоцĭ 𝄇! (𝄇)
V
Пре воĭ въ nimiчіръ а пісмеĭ ръȢтате
Ші óрба nеȢnіре 𝄆 ла Мілкоб ші Карпацĭ 𝄇!
(𝄆) Daр nоĭ пътрȢnшĭ ла сȢфлет de сфъnта лібертате,
ЖȢръm, къ воm da mъna, 𝄆 съ фіm пȢрȢреа фрацĭ 𝄇! (𝄇)
VI
О mаmъ веdȢвітъ dела МіхаĭȢ чел mаре
Претіndе dела фіі'шĭ 𝄆 аzĭ mъnъ d'ажȢтор 𝄇;
(𝄆) Ші бластъmъ кȢ лакръmĭ ꙟн окĭ, пе орĭ шікаре,
Ꙟn астфелĭȢ dе перікȢл 𝄆 се фаче въnzътор 𝄇. (𝄇)
VII
De фȢлџере съ пеаръ, de тръсnет ші пȢчóсъ,
Орĭ каре с'ар ретраџе 𝄆 din глоріосȢл лок 𝄇,
(𝄆) Къnd патріа саȢ mama кȢ іnima dȢióсъ,
Ва чере ка съ тречеm 𝄆 прin сабіе ші фок 𝄇. (𝄇)
VIII
N'aжȢnсе iaтагаnȢл барбареĭ сеmiлȢnе,
А кърȢĭ плъџĭ фатале 𝄆 ші аzĭ ле maĭ сіmціm 𝄇;
(𝄆) АкȢm се вѫръ кnȢта ꙟн ветреле стръбȢnе,
Daр maртор nе é DomnȢл 𝄆 къ віĭ nȢ о прііmim 𝄇. (𝄇)
IX
N'aжȢnсе dеспотісmȢл кȢ 'nтеага лȢĭ орбіе,
А кърȢĭ жȢг din веакȢрĭ 𝄆 ка вітеле'л пȢртъm 𝄇;
(𝄆) АкȢm се 'nчеаркъ крȢzіĭ ꙟн óрба лор трȢфіе,
Съ ne ръпіаскъ ліmба: 𝄆 dар mорцĭ nȢmaĭ о dъm 𝄇! (𝄇)
X
Роmъnĭ dіn патрȢ ȢnгĭȢрĭ, акȢm, орĭ nічĭ оdатъ
Ꙋnіцĭ'въ ꙟн кȢџет, 𝄆 Ȣnіцĭ'въ 'n сіmцірĭ 𝄇!
(𝄆) Стрігацĭ ꙟн лȢmеа ларгъ къ DȢnъреа'ĭ фȢратъ
Пріn іnтрігъ ші сілъ, 𝄆 віклеnе Ȣnелтірĭ 𝄇! (𝄇)
XI
Преоцĭ, кȢ крȢчеа'n фрȢnте, къчĭ óстеа é крещіnъ,
Deвіzа'ĭ лібертате, 𝄆 ші скопȢл еĭ преа сфъnт 𝄇!
(𝄆) МȢріm mаĭ біnе 'n лȢптъ, кȢ глоріе deпліnъ,
Deкът съ фіm склаві ĭаръшĭ 𝄆 ꙟн векĭȢл nост пъmъnт 𝄇! (𝄇)
1
[deʃ.ˈte̯ap.tə.te ro.ˈmɨ.ne ǀ din ˈsom.nul t͡ʃel de ˈmo̯ar.te ǀ]
[ɨn ˈka.re te̯a.dɨn.ˈt͡ʃi.rə ǀ 𝄆 bar.ˈba.rij de ti.ˈranʲ 𝄇 ǁ]
(𝄆) [a.ˈkum orʲ ni.t͡ʃo.ˈda.tə ǀ kro.ˈjeʃ.tet͡sʲ ˈal.tə ˈso̯ar.te ǀ]
[la ˈka.re sə sen.ˈki.ne ǀ 𝄆 ʃi ˈkru.zij təj duʃ.ˈmanʲ 𝄇 ǁ] (𝄇)
2
[a.ˈkum orʲ ni.t͡ʃo.ˈda.tə ǀ sə dəm do.ˈvezʲ la ˈlu.me ǀ]
[kən ˈas.te mɨnʲ maj ˈkur.d͡ʒe ǀ 𝄆 un ˈsɨn.d͡ʒe de ro.ˈman 𝄇 ǁ]
(𝄆) [ʃi kən a ˈno̯as.tre ˈpjep.turʲ ǀ pəs.ˈtrəm ku ˈfa.ləu̯n ˈnu.me ǀ]
[tri.um.fə.ˈtor ɨn ˈlup.te ǀ 𝄆 un ˈnu.me de tra.ˈjan 𝄇 ǁ] (𝄇)
3
[ɨ.ˈnal.t͡sət͡sʲ ˈla.ta ˈfrun.te ǀ ʃi ˈkau̯.tən d͡ʒur de ˈti.ne ǀ]
[kum stau̯ ka brazʲ ɨn ˈmun.te ǀ 𝄆 voj.ˈnit͡ʃʲ ˈsu.te de mij 𝄇 ǁ]
(𝄆) [un ɡlas jej maj aʃ.ˈte̯ap.tə ǀ ʃi sar ka lupʲ ɨn ˈstɨ.ne ǀ]
[bə.ˈtrɨnʲ bər.ˈbat͡sʲ ʒunʲ ˈti.nerʲ ǀ 𝄆 din munt͡sʲ ʃi din kɨm.ˈpij 𝄇 ǁ] (𝄇)
4
[pri.ˈvit͡sʲ mə.ˈre.t͡se ˈum.bre ǀ mi.ˈhaj ʃte.ˈfan kor.ˈvi.ne ǀ]
[ro.ˈmɨ.na na.t͡si.ˈu.ne ǀ 𝄆 aj ˈvoʃ.tri strə.ne.ˈpot͡sʲ 𝄇 ǁ]
(𝄆) [ku ˈbra.t͡se.le ar.ˈma.te ǀ ku ˈfo.kul ˈvos.trun ˈvi.ne ǀ]
[vi.ˈa.t͡san li.ber.ˈta.te ǀ 𝄆 orʲ ˈmo̯ar.te ˈstri.ɡə tot͡sʲ 𝄇 ǁ] (𝄇)
5
[pre voj və ni.mi.ˈt͡ʃi.rə ǀ a ˈpiz.mej rə.u.ˈta.te ǀ]
[ʃi ˈo̯ar.ba ne.u.ˈni.re ǀ 𝄆 la ˈmil.kov ʃi kar.ˈpat͡sʲ 𝄇 ǁ]
(𝄆) [dar noj pə.ˈtrunʃʲ la ˈsuf.let ǀ de ˈsfɨn.ta li.ber.ˈta.te ǀ]
[ʒu.ˈrəm kə vom da ˈmɨ.na ǀ 𝄆 sə fim ˈpu.ru.re̯a frat͡sʲ 𝄇 ǁ] (𝄇)
6
[o ˈma.mə və.du.ˈvi.tə ǀ de la mi.ˈhaj t͡ʃel ˈma.re ǀ]
[pre.ˈtin.de de la ˈfi.iʃʲ ǀ 𝄆 azʲ ˈmɨ.nə da.ʒu.ˈtorʲ 𝄇 ǁ]
(𝄆) [ʃi ˈblas.tə.mə ku ˈlak.rəmʲ ǀ ɨn okʲ pe orʲ.ʃi.ˈka.re ǀ]
[ɨn ˈast.fel de pe.ˈri.kul ǀ 𝄆 sar ˈfa.t͡ʃe vɨn.zə.ˈtorʲ 𝄇 ǁ] (𝄇)
7
[de ˈful.d͡ʒe.re sə ˈpja.rə ǀ de ˈtrəs.net ʃi pu.ˈt͡ʃo̯a.sə ǀ]
[orʲ.ˈka.re sar re.ˈtra.d͡ʒe ǀ 𝄆 din ɡlo.ri.ˈo.sul lok 𝄇 ǁ]
(𝄆) [kɨnd ˈpa.tri.a sau̯ ˈma.ma ǀ ku ˈi.ni.ma du.ˈjo̯a.sə ǀ]
[va ˈt͡ʃe.re ka sə ˈtre.t͡ʃem ǀ 𝄆 prin ˈsa.bi.je ʃi fok 𝄇 ǁ] (𝄇)
8
[ˈna.ʒun.d͡ʒe ja.ta.ˈɡa.nul ǀ bar.ˈba.rej se.mi.ˈlu.ne ǀ]
[a ˈkə.ruj pləd͡ʒʲ fa.ˈta.le ǀ 𝄆 ʃi azʲ le maj sim.ˈt͡sim 𝄇 ǁ]
(𝄆) [a.ˈkum se ˈvɨ.rə ˈknu.ta ǀ ɨn ˈve.tre.le strə.ˈbu.ne ǀ]
[dar ˈmar.tor ne je ˈdom.nul ǀ 𝄆 kə vij nu o pri.ˈmim 𝄇 ǁ] (𝄇)
9
[ˈna.ʒun.d͡ʒe des.po.ˈtis.mul ǀ kun.ˈtre̯a.ɡa luj or.ˈbi.je ǀ]
[al ˈkə.ruj ʒuɡ de ˈse.kulʲ ǀ 𝄆 ka ˈvi.te.lel pur.ˈtəm 𝄇 ǁ]
(𝄆) [a.ˈkum sen.ˈt͡ʃe̯ar.kə ǀ ˈkru.zij ku ˈo̯ar.ba lor tru.ˈfi.je ǀ]
[sə ne rə.ˈpe̯as.kə ˈlim.ba ǀ 𝄆 dar mort͡sʲ ˈnu.maj o dəm 𝄇 ǁ] (𝄇)
10
[ro.ˈmɨnʲ din ˈpa.tru ˈuŋɡ.jurʲ ǀ a.ˈkum orʲ ni.t͡ʃo.ˈda.tə ǀ]
[u.ˈni.t͡si.və ɨn ˈku.d͡ʒet ǀ 𝄆 u.ˈni.t͡si.vən sim.ˈt͡sirʲ 𝄇 ǁ]
(𝄆) [stri.ˈɡat͡sʲ ɨn ˈlu.me̯a ˈlar.ɡə ǀ kə ˈdu.nə.re̯aj fu.ˈra.tə ǀ]
[prin ˈin.tri.ɡə ʃi ˈsi.lə ǀ 𝄆 vi.ˈkle.ne u.nel.ˈtirʲ 𝄇 ǁ] (𝄇)
11
[ˈpre.ot͡sʲ ku ˈkru.t͡ʃe̯an ˈfrun.te ǀ kət͡ʃʲ ˈo̯as.te̯a je kreʃ.ˈti.nə ǀ]
[de.ˈvi.zaj li.ber.ˈta.te ǀ 𝄆 ʃi ˈsko.pul jej pre̯a.ˈsfɨnt 𝄇 ǁ]
(𝄆) [mu.ˈrim maj ˈbi.nen ˈlup.tə ǀ ku ˈɡlo.ri.je de.ˈpli.nə ǀ]
[de.ˈkɨt sə fim sklavʲ ˈja.rəʃʲ ǀ 𝄆 ɨn ˈvek.jul nost pə.ˈmɨnt 𝄇 ǁ] (𝄇)
I
Wake up Romanians from your sleep of death
Into which you've been sunk by the barbaric tyrants.
Now or never, sow a new fate for yourself
To which even your cruel enemies will bow!
II
Now or never, let us show the world
That through these arms, Roman blood still flows;
And that in our chests we still proudly bear a name
Triumphant in battles, the name of Trajan![note 1]
III
Raise your broad forehead and see around you
How, like fir trees on a mountain, brave youths, of a hundred thousand
An order they await, ready to pounce, as if wolves on sheep.
Old men and young, from mountains high and plains wide!
IV
Behold, mighty shadows; Michael, Stephen, Corvinus,[f]
The Romanian nation, your great grandchildren.
With armed hands, with your fire in their veins,
"Life in liberty or death", they all proclaim!
V
You were vanquished by the evils of your envy
And by blind disunity at Milcov and the Carpathians
But we, whose souls were pierced by holy liberty,
Swear that forever in brotherhood we will join!
VI
A widowed mother from time of Michael the Brave[note 2]
Of her sons, she today demands a helping hand
And curses, with tears in her eyes, whosoever
In times of such great need, a traitor proven!
VII
Of thunder and of brimstone should they perish
Anyone who flees from this glorious calling.
When homeland and our mothers, with a sorrowful heart,
Will ask us to cross through swords and blazing fire!
VIII
Have we not had enough of the barbaric crescent's yatagan
Whose fatal wounds we still feel today?
Now, the knout[note 3] is intruding on our ancestral lands
But the Lord is our witness that so long as we are alive, we won't accept it!
IX
Have we not had enough of despotism and its unseeing eye
Whose yoke, like cattle, for centuries we have carried?
Now the cruel ones are trying, in their blind arrogance,
To take away our language, but only dead shall we surrender it!
X
Romanians of the four corners of the world, now or never,
Unite in thought, unite in feeling!
Proclaim to the world that the Danube has been stolen
Through intrigue and coercion, sly machinations!
XI
Priests, lead with holy crosses, for this army is Christian,
Its motto is liberty and its goal all too holy.
Better to die in battle in with eternal glory,
Than to once again be slaves on our ancient lands!
Romania
România (Romanian)
Anthem: "Deșteaptă-te, române!"
("Awaken thee, Romanian!")
Capital
and largest city
Official languages
Recognised minority
languages[2]
show
See here
89.3% Romanians
6.0% Hungarians
3.4% Roma
1.2% Others
84.8% Christianity
73.4% Romanian Orthodoxy
6.2% Protestantism
4.5% Catholicism
0.7% Other Christian
9% Refused to declare/No religion
5% No data
0.5% Others
Unitary semi-presidential republic
Legislature
1330
1346
24 January 1859
• De jure Independence from the Ottoman Empire
9 May 1877/1878
1 December 1918/1921
1941
30 December 1947
• Joined the United Nations
14 December 1955
8 December 1991
• Joined the European Union
1 January 2007
• Total
238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi)[7] (81st)
• Water (%)
3
• 2023 estimate
19,892,812 census made by macrotrends and worldometer (63rd)
• 2021 census
19,053,815[3]
• Density
79.9/km2 (206.9/sq mi) (136th)
2023 estimate
• Total
• Per capita
GDP (nominal)
2023 estimate
• Total
• Per capita
Gini (2021)
34.3[9]
medium
HDI (2021)
0.821[10]
very high · 53rd
Currency
Time zone
• Summer (DST)
Date format
dd.mm.yyyy (AD)
right
.roa
Romania (/roʊˈmeɪniə/ (listen) roh-MAY-nee-ə; Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] (listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi), with a population of 19,892,812 inhabitants (2023) made by macrotrend and worldometer. Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, followed by Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova, Brașov, and Galați.
Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, rises in Germany's Black Forest and flows southeasterly for 2,857 km (1,775 mi), before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft).[11]
Settlement in what is now Romania began in the Lower Paleolithic followed by written records attesting the kingdom of Dacia, its conquest, and subsequent Romanisation by the Roman Empire during late antiquity. The modern Romanian state was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. During World War I, after declaring its neutrality in 1914, Romania fought together with the Allied Powers from 1916. In the aftermath of the war, Bukovina, Bessarabia, Transylvania, and parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș became part of the Kingdom of Romania.[12] In June–August 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union and Northern Transylvania to Hungary. In November 1940, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and, consequently, in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side, fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944, when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania. Following the war and occupation by the Red Army, Romania became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a market economy.
Romania is a developed country[13][14][15] and a potential middle power in international affairs.[16][17] It has a high-income economy, being the world's 45th largest by nominal GDP, and the 36th largest by PPP. Romania experienced rapid economic growth in the early 2000s; its economy is now based predominantly on services. It is a producer and net exporter of cars and electric energy through companies like Automobile Dacia and OMV Petrom. The majority of Romania's population are ethnic Romanians and religiously identify themselves as Eastern Orthodox Christians, speaking Romanian, a Romance language (more specifically Eastern Romance/Balkan Romance). The Romanian Orthodox Church is the largest religious denomination in the country. Romania is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, the Council of Europe, BSEC and WTO.
The coat of arms of Romania was adopted in the Romanian Parliament on 10 September 1992 as a representative coat of arms for Romania. The current coat of arms is based on the lesser coat of arms of interwar Kingdom of Romania (used between 1922 and 1947), which was designed in 1921 by the Transylvanian Hungarian heraldist József Sebestyén from Cluj, at the request of King Ferdinand I of Romania, it was redesigned by Victor Dima.[1] As a central element, it shows a golden aquila holding a cross in its beak, and a mace and a sword in its claws. It also consists of the three colors (red, yellow, and blue) which represent the colors of the national flag. The coat of arms was augmented on 11 July 2016 to add a representation of the Steel Crown of Romania.
COUNTRY IN EUROPE