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Introduction to Biology and Science Biology is the study of life Big Ideas in AP Biology:1. The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life.2. Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, reproduce, and maintain dynamic homeostasis.3. Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes.4. Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions posess complex properties. Science comes from the Latin “to know”Inquiry is at the heart of scienceInquiry = the search for information and explanation 2 main processes: discovery science and hypothesis-based science-Discovery science: -describes nature through observation and analysis of data -data = recorded observations (qualitative and quantitative) -inductive reasoning: deriving generalizations based on specific observations-Hypothesis-based science:-hypothesis – makes predictions that can be tested by recording observations or experiments-in AP BIO: “If…, then… because…”-results can either support or refute the hypothesis (not “my hyp is correct”) The myth of the scientific method-published research articles follow the steps of the scientific method-most scientific inquires don’t follow this structures format-often scientists can be working with the wrong hypothesis and have to redirect research-discovery science – contributes to understanding of nature without using the scientific method Experiments-have a hypothesis-use a control and experimental groups -they must be designed with: an independent variable (IV), a dependent variable (DV), a control, constants, and have multiple trials (3). Hypothesis vs. Theory vs. Law-Hypothesis: explanation to a specific question, tested by experiment or continued observation, can be disproven, can’t be proven true-Theory: broader in scope, summarizes group of hypotheses supported by repeated testing, new hypotheses can be generated from it, supported by massive body of evidence-Law: statement of fact, explains things but doesn’t describe them, generally accepted to be true and universal, basis for scientific method. Science practices for AP Bio:1. Use representations and models to communicate and solve problems2. Use mathematics appropriately3. Pose scientific questions to extend thinking or guide investigations4. Plan and implement data collection5. Analyze data and evaluate evidence6. Work with scientific explanations and theories7. Connect and relate knowledge across scales and domains
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