Anatomy and physiology study guide

Human Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

1. Label and draw the different types of epithelium and explain each function.

2. Why is it necessary for internal surface to be kept moist?

3. How is surface area increased in the lungs and the intestines and why is it important to the organism?

4. Define homeostasis, give three examples and explain why it is important to the organism.

5. Compare a complete digestive system to a gastrovascular cavity. What is the evolutionary value of the system?

6. Complete the following chart:

Organ Function Enzyme

· Mouth

· Stomach

· Liver

· Pancreas

· Small intestine

· Large intestine

7. Trace a molecule of oxygen from the right lung to your baby toe and then a CO₂ molecule from the toe to the heart. BE SPECIFIC and name each structure.

8. Explain Lab 10. What is blood pressure, how is it measured, what does it tell you diagnostically? How does exercise affect the circulatory, excretory and respiratory system?

9. Compare and contrast the 3 layers of the body’s defense.

10. Compare and contrast steroids to peptide hormones. Give examples of each.

11. Why is prolactin considered an ancient hormone? What is the evolutionary significance of it?

12. Explain how a hormone works. How is it possible to get varying responses to the same hormone?

13. Complete the following:

Gland Hormone Produced Hormone Action

· Adrenal Cortex

· Adrenal Medulla

· Hypothalamus

· Pancreas

· Pineal

· Pituitary

· Testis

· Thymus

· Thyroid

· Parathyroid

14. Explain the negative feedback mechanisms for control of blood glucose levels.

15. Compare and contrast the endocrine system to the nervous system.

16. Compare and contrast sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction. What are the advantages to each? Give examples of each.

17. How does the egg prevent fertilization by more than one sperm?

18. Explain the development of the zygote to a full term baby?

19. Explain an action potential and list the steps of a stimulus transmission from dendrite to the dendrite of another neuron.

20. Explain the function and location of:

• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Medulla Oblongata

21. Explain the excitation and contraction of a muscle cell. What ions are necessary? Why?