Clinical Decision Making
Q. What causes the pain associated with a stone in the ureter?
Obstruction of urine flow with distension of the renal capsule
Irritation of the ureteral mucosa by the stone
Excessive ureteral peristalsis in response to the obstructing stone
Irritation of the intramural ureter
Urinary extravasation from a ruptured calyceal fornix
Q. What is the most common cause of gross hematuria in a patient older than 50 years of age?
Renal calculi
Infection
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Trauma
Q. What is the most common cause of pain associated with gross hematuria?
Simultaneous passage of a kidney stone
Ureteral obstruction due to blood clots
Urinary tract malignancy
Prostatic inflammation
Prostatic enlargement
Q. All of the following are typical lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia EXCEPT:
urgency
frequency
nocturia
weak urinary stream
Q. What is the most common cause of continuous incontinence (loss of urine at all times and in all positions)?
Enterovesical fistula
Noncompliant bladder
Detrusor hyperreflexia
Sphincteric incompitence
Q. All of the following are potential causes of anejaculation EXCEPT:
sympathetic denervation
pharmacologic agents
bladder neck & prostatic surgery
androgen deficiency
Q. What percentage of patients with multiple sclerosis will present with urinary symptoms as the first manifestation of the disease?
1%
10%
15%
20%
Q. What important information is gained from pelvic bimanual examination that cannot be obtained from radiologic evaluation?
Presence of bladder mass
Invasion of bladder cancer into perivesical fat
Presence of bladder calculi
Presence of associated pathologic lesion in female adnexal structures
Q. With what disease is priapism primarily associated?
Peyronie's disease
Parkinson's disease
Organic depression
Leukemia
Q. What is the most common cause of cloudy urine?
Bacterial cystitis
Urine overgrowth with yeast
Alkaline urine
Significant proteinuria