Chest

EXAMINATION OF INJURIES OF THE CHEST

HISTORY

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

GENERAL SURVEY

LOCAL EXAMINATION

INSPECTION

    • Skin-

    • Respiration-

    • Swelling-

    • Sputum-

PALPATION

    • Palpation of the ribs-

    • Palpation of the sternum-

    • Swelling-

    • Vocal fremitus-

    • Apex beat of the heart-

PERCUSSION

AUSCULTATION

    • Crepitus-

    • Lungs-

    • Heart-

SPECIAL INVESTIGATION

    • X-ray examination-

    • Estimation of blood gases-

    • Aspiration-

DIAGNOSIS

    • # of the rib-

    • Stove in chest-

    • Flail chest-

    • Surgical emphysema-

    • Traumatic pneumothorax-

    • Traumatic haemothorax-

    • Contusion & Laceration of the Lung-

    • Traumatic asphyxia-

    • Injury to the heart & haemopericardium (Cardiac Tamponade)-

    • Rupture of the thoracic aorta-

    • Tear of the bronchus-

    • Rupture oesophagus-

    • Rupture of the thoracic duct-

    • Injury to the diaphragm & diaphragmatic hernia-

    • Injury to the subdiaphragmatic organs-

EXAMINATION OF DISEASES OF THE CHEST

HISTORY

    • Pain-

    • Fever-

    • Dyspnoea-

    • Cough-

    • Haemoptysis-

    • Loss of weight-

    • Sinus formation-

    • Past history-

    • Personal history-

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:

LOCAL EXAMINATION:

INSPECTION:

    • Contour of the chest-

      • Funnel chest (Pectus excavatum)-

      • Pigeon Chest (Pectus carinatum)-

      • Barrel shaped chest-

      • Flat chest-

      • Thoracic kyphoscoliosis-

      • Rachitic chest-

    • Respiratory movements-

    • Apex beat of the heart-

    • any Swelling or a sinus-

    • Neck veins-

PALPATION:

    • Respiratory movements-

    • Apex beat of the heart-

    • Position of trachea-

    • feel for Vocal fremitus-

    • Swelling-

    • Sinus-

PERCUSSION:

AUSCULTATION:

Examination of Lymph nodes-

General Examination-

Special Investigation-

    • Aspiration-

    • X-ray examination-

    • Bronchoscopy-

    • Laryngoscopy-

Differential Diagnosis-

    • Solid swellings of the thoracic wall-

    • Cystic swellings of the thoracic wall-

    • Sinus of the chest wall-

    • Empyema-

    • Lung abscess-

    • Bronchiectasis-

    • Carcinoma of the lung-

    • Important postoperative chest complications-

      • Aspiration pneumonia-

      • Atelectasis (Collapse) of the lung-

      • Pulmonary embolism-