Hematuria

A. Lesion of the urinary tract:-

I. KIDNEY-

Congenital - Polycystic kidney

Traumatic - Ruptured kdney

Inflammatory - Tuberculosis, Acute Nephritis (rare)

Neoplastic - Angioma, Carcinoma of the kidney, Nephroblastoma of the kidney, Papilloma or Carcinoma of the renal pelvis

Others - Stone,

II. URETER-

Stone, Papilloma or Carcinoma of urothelium

III. BLADDER-

Traumatic- Rupture

Inflammatory - Cystitis, Tuberculosis, Bilharziasis

Neoplastic - Papilloma and carcinoma

Others - Stone

IV. PROSTATE-

Benign and malignant enlargement. Sometimes prostatitis.

V. URETHRA -

Traumatic- Rupture

Inflammatory- Acute urethritis

Neoplastic- Transitional cell carcinoma

Others- stone

B. Disease of the adjacent viscera:-

Acute appendicitis, salpingitis and pelvic abscess. The inflammatory process may spread to the ureter and bladder. Carcinoma of the rectum and Cervix uteri may infiltrate the bladder to cause haematuria.

C. General Disorders:-

I. Blood Disorders- Purpura, sickle cell anemia, haemophilia, scurvy, malaria

II. Infarction - Arterial emboli from myocardial infarct and subacute bacterial endocarditis.

III. Congestion - Right heart failure and Right vein thrombosis.

IV. Collagen disease

D. Drugs:-

Anticoagulant drugs, Hexamine, Sulphonamides and salicylates- when given in large doses.