Hematuria
A. Lesion of the urinary tract:-
I. KIDNEY-
Congenital - Polycystic kidney
Traumatic - Ruptured kdney
Inflammatory - Tuberculosis, Acute Nephritis (rare)
Neoplastic - Angioma, Carcinoma of the kidney, Nephroblastoma of the kidney, Papilloma or Carcinoma of the renal pelvis
Others - Stone,
II. URETER-
Stone, Papilloma or Carcinoma of urothelium
III. BLADDER-
Traumatic- Rupture
Inflammatory - Cystitis, Tuberculosis, Bilharziasis
Neoplastic - Papilloma and carcinoma
Others - Stone
IV. PROSTATE-
Benign and malignant enlargement. Sometimes prostatitis.
V. URETHRA -
Traumatic- Rupture
Inflammatory- Acute urethritis
Neoplastic- Transitional cell carcinoma
Others- stone
B. Disease of the adjacent viscera:-
Acute appendicitis, salpingitis and pelvic abscess. The inflammatory process may spread to the ureter and bladder. Carcinoma of the rectum and Cervix uteri may infiltrate the bladder to cause haematuria.
C. General Disorders:-
I. Blood Disorders- Purpura, sickle cell anemia, haemophilia, scurvy, malaria
II. Infarction - Arterial emboli from myocardial infarct and subacute bacterial endocarditis.
III. Congestion - Right heart failure and Right vein thrombosis.
IV. Collagen disease
D. Drugs:-
Anticoagulant drugs, Hexamine, Sulphonamides and salicylates- when given in large doses.