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(B) Hyponatremia occurs because of overhydration and/or inadequate sodium replacement. When serum sodium is <130 mEq/L, acute symptomatic hyponatremia is manifested by CNS symptoms due to increased intracranial pressure. Muscle twitching and increased tendon reflexes seen in moderate hyponatremia progress to convulsions, loss of reflexes, and hypertension with severe hyponatremia. Oliguric renal failure may become irreversible if not immediately treated. Mild asymptomatic hyponatremia is treated with fluid restrictions. In the presence of CNS symptoms, the patient should be given hypertonic saline.