草坪的建立主要有播种法和铺草皮法
Determining the lawn establishment method is an important first step in the establishment process. In the Midwest, lawns are normally established by seeding or sodding; zoysiagrass plugging is also used occasionally.
There are both advantages and disadvantages to seeding a lawn. A common method of establishing a lawn is seeding, which involves planting grass seed on a prepared seedbed.
The advantages of seeding are:
the desired species or cultivars can be used;
the turf plants develop in the environment in which they must ultimately survive; and
establishment usually costs less than for sodding or plugging.
The disadvantages of seeding a lawn are:
the appropriate times for establishment are limited;
the turf is usually slow to develop into a quality stand;
reseeding areas with poor germination may be required;
quality seed may be difficult to obtain in some areas;
rain or irrigation may wash seeds off slopes;
weed encroachment is often a problem; and
a constantly moist seedbed is required during germination.
Sodding entails placing squares or strips of growing turfgrass and the adhering soil onto a final planting site. The strips or squares are tightly butted to one another to produce a complete cover of turfgrass. Kentucky bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, zoysiagrass, bermudagrass, buffalograss, and occasionally tall fescue can be established by sodding.
The advantages of sodding a lawn are:
an "instant" lawn is planted;
sodded lawns can be safely trafficked sooner than seeded lawns;
dust and mud are reduced;
erosion control is achieved;
sod can be planted any time during the growing season (provided the ground is not frozen and water is available); and
good sod is weed free.
The disadvantages of sodding a lawn are:
the cost is higher than for seeding;
choice of turfgrass species and cultivars used in sod production is limited;
sod is not produced in shaded environments;
a large volume of water is required during establishment;
incompatibilities between sod farm soils and soils at the planting site can cause sod to perform poorly;
sod may shrink, allowing weeds to invade between pieces; and
the speed of sod rooting changes with the season.
Although it appears there are fewer advantages than disadvantages to seeding a lawn, do not discount the importance of species/cultivar choices and development in their ultimate planting site. For example, obtaining perennial ryegrass or fine fescue sod will be difficult, perhaps impossible, in most areas of the region. If these species are desired in the lawn, seeding is the only way to establish them. In addition, soil incompatibility sometimes develops when sod is grown on soil that is different from that of the lawn area. Soil incompatibility can result in poorly rooted sod that has little tolerance to environmental or pest stresses. Thus, in many situations, the advantages of seeding may outweigh the advantages of sodding.
Plugging is sometimes used to establish zoysiagrass in the Midwest. Plugs are 2- to 4-inch diameter pieces of zoysiagrass with the adhering soil. They are planted 6 to 12 inches apart in a well-prepared planting bed and often take up to 3 years to fully establish and fill in completely.
Seed turfgrass lawns comprised of Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, fine fescues, or tall fescue during spring or late summer and early fall . Late summer and early fall (August 15 to September 15 in central Illinois) is considered to be the best time. In the fall, weed competition is reduced, temperature s are appropriate for rapid growth and development, and grass seedlings have plenty of time to establish a good root system before the following summer's heat. Spring (April in central Illinois) establishment can also be successful. It is important, however, that adequate irrigation be available during summer's heat.
A cool season lawn can be sodded in central Illinois anytime during the growing season provided adequate irrigation water is available. Sodding or plugging a warm season lawn in central Illinois is best done in late spring to early summer (May 15 to July 1).