YOUR TASK:
In this chapter you will learn to use Chinese to
1. Locate major Chinese cities, provinces, and rivers on the map;
2. Give a brief introduction to the geographic features of China;
3. Compare some basic geographic aspects of China and the United States;
4. Describe features that may attract you to or deter you from visiting a tourist site;
5. Plan a trip to China
Prepare to compare and relate to your own culture and community:
1. Can you name the major rivers and mountains ranges in your community?
2. Do you know where your country's major cities are located, along the coast or mostly inland? How about in China?
3. Can you gave an account of the population and geographic location of your town or city?
4. Do people consider your local town or city to be popular with tourists?
2/25/19
生词
地理 (dì lǐ) - geography
家乡 (jiā xiāng) hometown / native place
路线 (lù xiàn) route / (political) course
研究 (Yán jiū)(to) study; (to) research
了解 (liǎo jiě) to understand; to realize; to find out
冰灯 (bīng dēng) - ice lantern/ ice sculpture
风景 (fēng jǐng) scenery; landscape
河流 (hé liú) -river
大多 (dà duō) - for the most part / many / most / mostly
高源 (gāo yuán) land or mountain in high elevation
而 (ér) and/as well as/but (not)/yet (not)/(shows causal relation)/(shows change of state)/(shows contrast)
平原 (píng yuán) - field / plain
人口 (rén kǒu) - population
主要 (zhǔ yào) main; chief; principal; major.
集中 (jí zhōng) to concentrate; to centralize; to focus
沿海 (yán hǎi) - coastal
一带 (yī dài) region / district
沙漠 (shā mò) desert
自然 (zì rán) nature / natural / naturally
条件（tiáo jiàn）condition
地形 (dì xíng) - topography / terrain / land form
纬度 (wěi dù) latitude
接近 (jiē jìn) near / close to
面积 (miàn jī) - area; dimension
倍 bèi (two, three, etc) -fold / times (multiplier) / double / to increase or multiply
过节(guò jié) - to celebrate a festival
旅游 (lǚ yóu) - to travel
日程/行程: (ri cheng/xing cheng ) schedule; travel itinerary
景点 (jǐng diǎn) - scenic spot; tourist spot
到处 (dào chù) in all places / everywhere
人山人海 (rén shān rén hǎi) - huge crowds of people (people mountain people sea)
挤 (jǐ) crowded / to squeeze
以上 (yǐ shàng) more than / above / over / the above-mentioned
省 (shěng) - province
部 (bù) department/section/part/division
四季 (sì jì) - four seasons
如春 (rú chūn) - same as the spring time
少数 (shǎo shù) small number / few / minority
民族 (mín zú) nationality / ethnic group
南京 (nán jīng) ---Nanjing (a city in China)
哈尔滨 (Hā ěr bīn) - Harbin (city all the way in the North and famous for Russian cultural influence and ice sculptures
新疆 (xīn jiāng) the north west region where a number of muslin minorities live
长江 (Cháng jiāng) Changjiang river; Yangtze river
黄河 (Huáng Hé) - Yellow River
天津 (Tiān jīn) – Tianjin
广州 (Guǎng zhōu) (Guangzhou)
深圳 (Shēn zhèn) - Shenzhen, a city in Guangdong
云南 (Yún nán) - Yunnan
大理 (Dà lǐ) a city in Yunnan
直辖市（zhí xiá shì）city under direct rule of central government
自治区 (zì zhì qū) autonomous region (in China)
古城 [gǔ chéng] ancient city
梯田 (tī tián) terraced field
为了 (wèi le)- for
一下子 (yí xià zi) in a short while / all at once / all of a sudden
政治中心 (zhèng zhì) － political center
经济中心 (jing ji zhong xin) economic center
文化中心 (wén huà zhōng xīn) cultural center
首都 (shǒu dū) capital city
最 ADJ 不过了/没有比…更 ADJ的: (zuì +adj bú guò le/méi yǒu bǐ......gèng +adj de) none can surpass....../ nothing is ...... than
Quiz on 2/27/19
https://quizlet.com/86600181/4-geography-with-pinyin-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/86604084/4-geography-no-pinyin-flash-cards/
2/26/19
O-1 Vocab Practice
Make up 10 sentences using as many words from the vocabulary list as possible. Then email it to 王老师。
https://docs.google.com/a/chufsd.org/document/d/1dRdWajsrlV7NjZ5arR5vZIUVruE2-EEVOxSZxzYQIiQ/edit?usp=sharing
2/27/19
1. Take Quiz
O-2 起来 Indicating the beginning of an action
起来 can signify an action that starts to take place. If there is a receiver of the action (objectives), put it between 起 and 来，ex: 吃起饭来，聊起天来......
张天明拿出来一张中国地图, 研究了起来。
听她说完那些话,大家都笑了起来。
你怎么哭起来了?
吃完晚饭,没有什么事,他就看起杂志来。
起来 can also be used after adjectives to indicate the start and continuation of a state:
六月了, 天气热起来了。
今天是周末, 购物中心里的人多起来了。
她走进房间打开灯, 房间里一下子亮起来了。
起来 is often with adjectives such as 亮, 大, 高, 多, 快， 长, ect，while 下来 is often used with 暗 àn dark, 小, 低, 少, 慢，and 短.
刚才他开车开得很快, 进城以后, 他开得慢下来了。
屋子里的灯慢慢暗下来。
学校放暑假的时候,天慢慢的热起来。
十月秋天就要来了,天气慢慢变冷起来了。
春天快到了,天气慢慢的暖和起来了。
因为我很累,所以我跑得慢下来。
O-3 Conjunction 而 on the other hand/ instead/but
而 used to connect two clauses that present the different or contrasting characteristics or situations, often in literary language.
中国的西边是高原，那儿有世界上最高的山。而东边是平原和大海。
我的表姐毕业以后 计划/打算 回中国工作, 而不准备留在美国。
我想去学校图书馆打工, 而我的 同屋/室友 想去校外打工。
我哥哥已经拿到硕士学位了, 而我才高中毕业。
O-4 最 ADJ 不过了/没有比…更 ADJ的 none can surpass
她过生日, 买花送她最好不过了。
这本书对世界经济的介绍最清楚不过了。
这个实习工作对化学系的同学来说, 最合适不过了。
天冷的时候喝酸辣汤, 最合适不过了。
跑完步回来洗个澡, 最舒服不过了。
他的家就在学校的斜对面, 最方便不过了。
O-5 过 Indicating experience
To indicate that someone has had the experience of doing something, we use the dynamic particle 过. It differs from 了 the in two ways:
A. 了 is descriptive in nature and is used to relate the occurrence of an action.
我去年去了一次中国, 在北京实习了三个月, 什么地方都没去, 就回来。
第二天早上, 我很早就起来了, 起床后就去运动场跑步。
客人们进来以后, 找到自己的位子, 坐了下来。
过 is explanatory in nature. It is used to explain the reasoning for the following statement. In other words, the emphasis is on the impact a past action has had on the present situation:
以前我们在一起学过英文, 我知道他的英文很好。
你去过中国, 请告诉我们去哪儿旅游最好。
云南的旅游景点多,少数民族的文化也很有意思,是旅游的好地方。再好不过了。
他学过好几年中文,都能看中文报纸和杂志了。
In the sentences above, the clauses containing 过 all serve as explanatory background to the clauses that follow. 过 indicates that impact or influence of the past action on the present.
B. 过 generally requires a specific time phrase, unless the sentence forms part of an extended narrative in which the temporal background has already been stated or is implicitly understood as in #3 above. 过 does not. When use 过, the time implied is often rather vague, "before," or "in the past." Only when we want to be more precise do we use a time phrase. Note that when 过 is used in the experimental experiential sense, it usually cannot be followed by 了.
我听说你没去别的国家, 是真的吗?
谁说的? 我去年去过日本。
2. 词语练习
O-6 为了 in order. vs. 因为 because
In order to improve my Chinese, I'm going to study abroad in China next year.
Because the conditions in China are even better for learning Chinese, I'm going to China to study next year.
In order to solve the problem of school tuition, he works part time.
Because he has to pay for school tuition, he works part time.
Because this school is very famous, I'm going to apply to it.
I'm applying to the school so that I can be with my girlfriend.
O-7 一下子 in an instant
一下子 is the covenants to 一下. It means "not much time has gone by, " and it is often used to depict how fast or soon actions or things happen.
All of a sudden, you want to go from the south to northernmost part?
I found the store you mentioned right away. It wasn't difficult to find.
He went through the allowance that his mother had given to him in no time.
O-8 大多 Mostly/大多数 most of
大多is an adverb meaning ＂for the most part＂ or ＂mostly.＂ It cannot be used before nouns.
大多数 means "the majority of......", "most of......" It can be used before nouns
Most of our classmates live in the school dorms. Almost none of us have a boyfriend or girlfriend.
My younger brother said the names of most of the big mountains and rivers of America incorrectly.
I am familiar with most of our school's professors' research. You don't need to go online to find out.
O-9 呢 indicating a pause in speech
This particle occurs after a subject or topic and is followed by a pause in speech. It usually appears in enumerative sentences suggesting contrast:
What do you plan to do over the break?
Me, hem, I'm going home. Little Joan, on the other hand, has to stay at school and work. I don't know what Little Lee will do.
What will be a good major to choose? I have not figured it out yet. Study medicine, on the other hand, is boring. I'm worried that if I study literature, on the other hand, I won't be able to find a job.
You put it correctly. China's population is concentrated along the coast. As for the Southwest, there are numerous a big mountains and plateaus. The Northwest, on the other hand, has many deserts with unfavorable natural conditions. That's why the population there is relatively sparse.
4/7
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
O-10 KNOW YOUR CHINESE PROVINCES?
Referred to a map of China to locate the following provinces:
四川省
广东省
湖南省
云南省
山东省
辽宁省
吉林省
黑龙江省
山西省
河南省
河北省
Work with a partner and describe to each other where these promises are located in China.
For example:
黑龙江省在中国的东北部。而四川省呢，在中国的中南部。
O-11 FROM THE NORTH TO THE SOUTH
Refer to a map of the China to find the following eight cities and one additional city of your choice.
上海, 北京, 南京, 天津, 深圳, 广州, 杭州, 哈尔滨...
Your choice _______
Then this them according to their latitude with the farthest north as number 1:
Work with a partner and answer the following question:
哪些城市靠海或者离海不远?
王老师的老家大连市在哪里？
O-12 GEOGRAPHY BUFF
Work with a partner and locate 长江 and 黄河 on the map of China. Then answer the following questions:
长江在黄河的北边还是南边?
GOOGLE IT!
Go online and find facts on the following:
中国 美国
面积
人口
纬度
首都
政治中心
经济中心
文化中心
最高的山
最长的河
最大的城市
Compare your research results with a partner and then prepare an oral or written report together. In your report, you will state and compare the sizes and the populations of the two countries, and where they are in the world according to latitude.
O-13 CHOOSE A TOURIST DESTINATION
Work with apartment to weigh the pros and cons of visiting the following places. Something that can be taken into consideration our location, climate, transportation, cost, tourist population, tourist sites, etc.
北京
上海
南京
杭州
深圳
香港
台北
哈尔滨
大连
Recommend one destination that you think would be ideal to visit:
夏天/冬天 去________旅游最好不过了, 因为__________, 另外/再说, _____________ 。
After listening to everyone's recommendations, group people who have the same recommendations together. Open the floor for a debate. Each group should defend its recommendations and point out why other places are not as good.
Words you can use to present your arguments in a coherent and cohesive manner include, but are not limited to:
认为
同意
反对
看法
恐怕
不见得
比较
至于
不如
难道
其实/实际上
甚至
结果
建议
考虑
比如
呢…呢…
要么…要么…
不是…而是…
The class she's been calling the best place in summer or winter.
夏天去___________旅游最合适/最好。
冬天去___________旅游最合适/最好。
你寒假打算去哪儿旅游?
你暑假计划去哪里旅游。
你春假准备去哪里旅游?
你过春节想去哪里旅游?
O-14 BE TOUR CONSULTANT
Divide the class into two groups: one will be tour consultants and the other potential clients.
A. Training session for the consultants
Imagine that you are a group of tour consultants in a travel agency specializing trips to China, and the most of your clients speak only Chinese. Work with your fellow consultants to make a comprehensive list of possible questions in Chinese that you will need to help your clients to plan their trips. The basic questions may include asking for travel dates, destinations, budgets, preferences for transportation, preferences for accommodation, etc.
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...
B. Brainstorming among their clients
Team up with a travel companion to prayer, itinerary, including travel dates, destinations, means of transportation, accommodation, budget, etc.
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...
Brainstorm questions that you may ask consultant to get the best service and advice possible.
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...
Now the consultants should pair up. Each pair other sets up a stand to provide service, and the prospective client take turns to visit each stand.
After visiting at the consultants, the clients have to rate and comment on the consulting services. Comments may include if the consultants are able to :
1) give suggestions based on their knowledge of the climate and geography of China
2) remind them whether it's practical or realistic to travel to certain destinations with a given timeframe, budget, constraints, and personal preferences, and
3) show alternative by pointing out the advantages of different options.
After listening to all the clients, the consultants have to decide which clients questions are most challenging yet reasonable, and of whose itinerary is most intriguing yet feasible in terms of time and budget.
O-1 听力和阅读练习
先听录音，然后看课文，最后回答问题：
他们打算什么时候去旅行?
在中国他们打算第一站去哪里?
请告诉大家他们的旅行日程的最重要的两个决定因素是什么？
寒假快到了, 张天明这几天一直在考虑旅行的事儿。他的父母希望他去他们的家乡南京看看, 张天明也很想当丽莎的导游, 带她到中国的一些地方走走。除了南京以外, 还应该去什么地方呢? 为了决定旅行的路线, 张天明拿着一张中国地图, 研究了起来。
张天明: 丽莎, 你来看看中国地图,看看到哪儿去好。
丽莎: 看地图? 你这个主意不错, 我也正想学学中国地理了。我对中国地理了解的太少了。
张天明: 我们先到南京, 我父母的家乡…在这里, 在中国的东南边。然后你想去哪儿?
丽莎: 哎, 这是哈尔滨, 对吗? 去哈尔滨吧。
张天明: 你一下子要从东南边跑到最北边去?
丽莎: 昨天电视里介绍哈尔滨的冰灯了, 好看极了。
张天明: 冰灯好看是好看, 可是哈尔滨现在冷得不得了, 夏天再去吧。
丽莎: 哦, 好吧。不去北边, 那坐火车去西边吧, 听说新疆是个很特别的地方。
张天明: 新疆在西北, 十月就开始冷起来了, 现在去不合适。另外, 坐火车太花时间, 下次再去吧!
丽莎: 你说坐火车太花时间, 这么说坐船也不行了, 对吗? 要不然我真想坐船从东往西,看看长江或者黄河的风景。
张天明: 中国的河流, 大多是从西往东流, 如果坐船从东往西走, 肯定的话很长的时间。
丽莎: 为什么中国的河流大多从西往东流呢?
张天明: 因为中国西边是高原, 那儿有世界上最高的山。而东边是平原和大海。
丽莎: 好像大城市都靠海或者离海不远。你看, 在北边, 这是北京，天津；东南边, 这儿有上海, 南京；南边这里, 这里是广州和深圳。
张天明: 你说的没错。中国的人口主要集中在沿海一带。西南呢, 高山,高原多；西北呢,沙漠多, 自然条件不太好, 所以人口比较少。
丽莎: 我觉得中国的地形和美国有点像。
张天明: 你说的有道理。还有, 中国和美国的纬度接近, 面积也差不多, 可是你知道, 人口是美国的四倍多。听说, 过节或者放假的时候, 中国的旅游景点到处都是人山人海, 挤得很。
丽莎: 是吗?
张天明: 还好, 我们到中国的时候, 学生还没放假, 也不是过年过节。
丽莎: 可是中国这么大, 我们的寒假那么短, 到底去哪儿旅游好呢?
张天明: 我觉得去云南最好不过了。
丽莎: 云南在哪里…我找到了, 在这儿, 是一个省, 在西南部。那儿冬天不冷吗?
张天明: 听说云南有些地方四季如春, 一年四季都不冷不热。
丽莎: 我记得电视里说过, 云南风景好, 少数民族多, 是个旅游的好地方。
张天明: 好, 云南, 决定了, 就去云南。
丽莎: 张教授, 谢谢你今天给我上的中国地理课。
张天明：行、行、行, 别贫了。
After your study, challenge yourself to complete the following tasks in Chinese.
1. Name the two major rivers in China.
2. Identify in general terms with the major mountain ranges and plateaus in China are located.
3. Name some of the geographical similarities that China and the United States share.
4. Name the places that Lisa and Tianming will visit on their trip.
CULTURE HIGHLIGHTS
Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang province, which borders Russia. The city is well known for its long winters and historic Russian style architecture. Since 1963, Harbin has hosted an annual ice and snow festival which draws many from the near and far. The festival includes an ice sculpting contest and numerous colorful ice lanterns.
The yellow River is for historically considered the cradle of Chinese civilization. Its middle reach is heavily silted with loess soil from the Yellow Earth Plateau, which elevates the riverbed far above ground.
That Yangtze River 扬子江 yáng zǐ jiāng, AKA 长江 Cháng Jiāng, meaning "long river" , is the longest river in China and the third longest in the world. It is the traditional dividing line between the north and the south in China. Some of the most agriculturally productive land is found along the middle and lower parts of the river; these areas also include many of the country's most important cities such as Chongqing 重庆, Wuhan 武汉, Nanjing 南京, and Shanghai 上海. The Three Gorges Dam 三峡 sān xiá, one of the world's largest, is near Chongqing 重庆.
Much of Yunnan 云南 is mountainous. Its climate varies from temperate to tropical. The rugged terrain and varied climate support a wide range of fauna and the flora. 云南 is what some scientists call an eco- or bio- diversity hotspot. An estimated 15,000 plant species and almost half of China's birds and mammals are found in Yunnan.
There are 56 officially recognized nationalities China. According to the Chinese National Statistics Bureau, as of November 2005, Han Chinese make up 90.56% of the total population. Yunnan province is home to 25 distinct ethnic minorities, making it one of the country's most culturally diverse regions.
The People's Republic of China （PRC）中华人民共和国 is officially divided into 23 provinces 省 shěng, five autonomous regions 自治区 zìzhìqū, four provincial level municipalities 直辖市 zhíxíshì, and two special administrative regions 行政特区 xíngzhèngtèqū，Hong Kong and Macau 香港 xiānggǎng 和 澳门 àomén. The four providential level municipalities are 北京市, 上海市, 天津市 and 重庆市chóngqìngshì.
地理
国家
面积
人口
国旗
州
县/郡
市区
首都
森林
河流
山谷
气候
天气
季节
特点
平均
温度
高温
低温
干燥
湿润
云
自然灾害
洪水
旱灾
火灾
地震
黄河
长江
丽江
桂林
桂林山水甲天下
四川大地震
https://quizlet.com/113136585/5-geography-climate-flash-cards/
口语考试：
你知道中国有多少个省吗？
中国的四个直辖市是哪些城市？
你能说出10个中国省的名字吗？
你能说出中国十大城市的名字吗？
中国最长的河是哪一条河？
中国最有名的河是什么河？
纽约跟北京的气候比有哪些相似的地方？
中文的美国的国旗叫什么？中国的国旗叫什么？
除了中国大陆以外，还有三个大岛叫什么岛？
中国的邻国，也就是中国的邻居，有哪些国家？