Your Task
In this chapter you will learn to use Chinese to:
1. Name for principal regional Chinese cuisines;
2. Order food and drinks;
3. Talk about what flavors you like or dislike;
4. Make your dietary restrictions or preferences known.
Prepare and relate it to your own culture/community:
1. Are there different regional cuisines? How about in China?
2. What seasonings/spices do cooks put in their food? How about in China?
3. Do people usually cook by steaming, stir-frying, grilling, or baking? How about in China?
10/17/18
Vocabulary List
正好: (zhèng hǎo) coincidentally; just in time...
门口: (mén kǒu) doorway; entrance
留学生: (liú xué shēng ) student studying abroad / exchange student
菜单: (cài dān) menu
清蒸: (qǐng zhēng) to steam (food without heavy sauce)
味道: (wèi dao) Taste; flavor
芥蓝/西兰花: (jie lan)/(xī lán huā) broccoli
嫩: (nèn) tender
香: (xiāng) tasty; fragrant
香水: (xiāng shuǐ) perfume
香菜: (xiāng cài) cilantro
菠菜: (bō cài) spinach
芥兰: (jiè lán) broccoli
叫菜/点菜: (jiào cài /diǎn cài) to order food
新鲜: (xīn xian) fresh (experience, food etc); freshness
清淡: (qīngdàn) light in flavor
咸: (Xián) salty
油: (yó) oil
蛋糕: (dàngāo) cake
糖醋鱼: (tángcùyú) fish in sweet and sour sauce
清蒸鱼: (qīng zhēng yú) steamed fish
餐巾:(cān jī) napkin
不如......: (bù rú) not equal to / not as good as / it would be better to
各:[gè] each; every
口味:(kǒu wèi) taste
味精 : (wèi jīng) monosodium glutamate (MSG)
醋:(cù) vinegar
盐:(yán) salt
糖: (táng) sugar
汤:(tāng) soup
烫: (tang) burning hot
炒: (chǎo) to stir-fry
锅: (guō) pot/wok
姜: (jiāng) ginger
葱: (cōng) scallion
蒜: (suàn) garlic
比如/比如说/比方说...: (bǐ rú/bǐ rú shuō/bǐ fāng shuō) for example......
口水: (kǒu shuǐ) saliva
流: (liú ) (water) flow/ run
考虑: (kǎo lǜ) To consider
主意: (zhú yi) idea
买单/结账 : (mǎi dān/jié zhàng) pay the bill
红烧: (hóng shāo) to braise in soy sauce
川菜/四川菜: (chuān cài/sì chuān cài) Sichuan cuisine
粤菜/广东菜:(yuè cài/guǎng dōng cài) Cantonese cuisine
蔬菜/青菜: (sū cài/qīng cài) vegetables
鲁菜/山东菜: (lǔ cài/shān dōng cài) Shangdong/Northen cuisine
打开:(dǎ kā) to open
关上:(guān shàng）to close; to turn off
开门: （kāi mén) to open the door
关门: (guān mén) to close the door
一......, 就...... : (yī......, jiù......) as soon as ......, then
一点儿办法也没有: (yì diǎn er bàn fǎ yě méi yǒu) have no idea what to do
好容易/好不容易...... : (hǎo róng yì/hǎo bù róng yì)...... with great difficulty, to have a hard time doing
这个就要看.....了: (zhè ge jiù yao kàn......le) This will depends on......
跟......一样:(gēn...... yí yàng) to be the same as......
跟......不一样: (gēn ...... bù yí yang)Not the same as......
麻烦:(má fán) inconvenient; troublesome; to trouble or bother someone
Vocab quiz on 10/23/18
http://quizlet.com/76920392/4-at-restaurant-with-pinyin-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/116786769/4-at-restaurant-no-pinyin-flash-cards/
10/18/18
1. Review for Quiz (10 min)
3. 语法
H-1 Topic-Comment Sentences Structure
If someone, something, or some event is already known, in another word, if it is no longer new information to the speaker or the listener, then it should appear at the beginning of the Chinese sentence. The positioning of known information at the beginning of a sentence is a characteristic of Chinese and is referred as a "topic-comment" sentence structure in which a topic is mentioned in the first part of the sentence and commented on in the later part of the sentence. Known information can also include information that has already been mentioned or activities that are taken for granted, such as eating, sleeping, or students going to classes, doing homework. Etc.
1.今天是周末, 再说功课也做完了......
Today is the weekend. Besides, (I've) already finished the homework......(This is about a student. Everyone knows that students are supposed to have homework, so homework is not new information)
2. A.你知道附近那个鞋店明天要打折吗?
Did you know that there is a sale tomorrow at that shoe store nearby?
B. 这件事我早就知道了。
I already know (this) ("this" refers to the shoe store sale tomorrow that is mentioned in the previous statement.)
3. 你去台北的飞机票买好了吗?
The tickets for your flight to Taipei – have you booked it yet?
(The speaker knows that you are going to Taipei and that you need a print ticket.)
4. 我们昨天在＂小香港＂吃了清蒸鱼, 那家餐馆的清蒸鱼做得很好。Yesterday we had steamed fish Little Hong Kong. That restaurant's steamed fish is really good.("Steamed fish" appears in the first clause. Therefore, it is treated as a topic in the second clause.)
This type of "topic-comment" sentence differs from the basic Chinese work order: subject+verb+object
5. 这张影碟你看完了吗? Have you finished watching this DVD?
6. 功课没做完了吗? Have you finished your homework?
7. 饭要慢慢吃, 吃得太快对身体不好。Eat your food more slowly. Eating too fast is not good for your health.
8. A. 听说学校商店的东西学生不能买, 是真的吗? I hear that students can no longer buy the things in the school store. Is that true?
B. 谁说的? 那不是真的。Who said that? That is not true.
While many Chinese sentences follow a basic word order that is similar to English, namely "subject + verb + object", the "topic – comment" structure is also a very important and distinctive feature of Chinese grammar. It is required in certain circumstances, some of which are illustrated above.
H-2 "一 " + Verb
We know that "一 " before of verb (usually monosyllabic) expresses the completion of a brief action. It must be followed by a second clause:
1. 外面有人叫我, 我开门一看, 是送信的。
There was someone shouting my name outside. I opened the door and took a book, and it was the letter carrier.
一...就..., on the other hand, is used to connect two consecutive actions. In this structure, 就 is required in some cases and optional in others. If the first action is closely followed by the second action, and if there isn't a pause in the sentence, the second verb is usually preceded by 就:
请翻译下面的句子:
2. 老师刚才说的话, 我一听就懂了。
3.我同屋/室友每天一回宿舍就做功课。
4.我一收到你发的短信就跑来了。
5.他把毯子往床上一放, 很快地跑了出去。
6.回家以后, 我把书包往桌子上一放, 马上给小李打了一个电话。Same as: 回家以后, 我把书包往桌子上一放, 就马上给小李打了一个电话。
7.我一听说她生病了，就马上去医院看她。
If the subjects are different, usually there must be a 就 before the second action：
8. A. 我们什么时候走? B. 你一到, 我们就走。
9. 下午我的朋友一来, 我们就一起去滑冰了。
10.那个餐馆很容易找, 我们一找就找到了。
11.他病了。一看书就头疼。
12.我一吃味精, 就得喝很多水。
H-3 又 adj/verb 又 adj/verb
The "又 adj/verb 又 adj/verb" pattern can be used to indicate two simultaneous qualities or two concurrent actions.
翻译下面的句子：
妈妈做的糖醋鱼又甜又香。
那个衣柜又旧又小。
孩子们又跑又跳, 玩得非常高兴。
那个小孩又哭又吵, 我们一点儿办法也没有。
When two adjectives are used in this way, they must either be both positive or both negative. Furthermore, adjectives must be related in meaning,. For instance, when describing people, we often say, "smart and pretty", "tall and thin", "short and overweight", "the weather is hot and humid"...... when two verbs are involved, the the actions denoted must be concurrent. For example, "talk and laugh", "cry and yell", "dance and sing"......
翻译下面的句子：
During the class, the students talked and laughed, the teachers were not very happy.
Whenever he comes to my house, he eats and drinks. He eats up everything in the refrigerator. Very annoying.
His older brother is big and tall, looks very healthy.
His uncles house is small and dirty, he does not like to live with them.
H-4 The Emphatic 是
Used before adjectives and verbs, it reaffirms the validity of a prior statement. Note that when an adjective is used as a predicate, it generally cannot be preceded by 是. However, this special emphatic usage of 是 before an adjective requires that 是 be stressed, and adjective should have already been mentioned, as seen in 1 and 2.
翻译下面的句子：
1. A. 住在这个宿舍很方便。
B. 住在这个宿舍是方便, 去上课, 去医院, 去餐厅都不远。
2 A. 这家餐馆的上海菜很地道，我很喜欢。
B. 他们的上海菜是很地道, 可是太贵了。
3. A. 听说你的 同屋/室友 搬走了, 不回来了。
B.没错, 他是搬走了, 他去了一个更有名的大学。
H-5 不如/没有
不如/没有 Means more or less the same thing as 没有 in comparative sentences.
翻译下面的句子：
我跑得不如小李快。/我跑得没有小李快。
这台烘干机不如那台烘干机新。/ 这台烘干机没有那台烘干机新。
Unlike 没有, however, 不如 does not always need to be followed by an adjective.
翻译下面的句子：
他的中文不如我。/他的中文没有我的中文好。
我唱歌不如他,但是跳舞他不如我。/我唱歌没有他唱得好,可是跳舞他没有我跳得好。
Furthermore, 不如 is generally used with adjectives that are positive in meaning such as 好,漂亮,好方便, 近 ,暖和, etc.
翻译下面的句子：
这句话是什么意思?
＂话多不如话少, 话少不如话好。＂
10/18
1. Take Quiz
2. 词语练习 (do at least half of the sentences)
H-6 正好：coincidentally, is an adverb
翻译下面的句子：
I happen to have some free time today. Let me go with you to buy some clothes.
When I went to look for Miss Money, she happened to be about to go out.
Old Cheng happens to be a computer engineer, so I asked him about a question regarding computer.
正好 Is also an adjective meaning "just right." It can be used as a predicate:
This pair of shoes is not too big and not too small for me. It's just right.
You came at just the right time. We were all looking for you.
This pair pants is not too long and not too short. It just right for him.
That pink sweater is not too loose and not too tight. Just right from my auntie.
H-7 特别是/尤其是: Especially
翻译下面的句子：
The fish here it's really good, especially the steamed fish. It tastes fantastic.
Miss Han likes to go shopping, especially for bowls and plates.
Mrs. Gold does not like sports, especially swimming.
Mr. Zhang thinks Chinese food is difficult to prepare, especially sweet-and-sour fish.
H-8 麻烦: May I trouble you/troublesome
When asking for a favor, it is polite to begin by saying 麻烦你... Here 麻烦 is a verb, meaning "May I trouble you to..."
翻译下面的句子：
Emily, if someone calls, could you please tell him that I went to the airport?
Waiter, please give me some drinks and napkins.
Could you please tell my teacher that I am sick and can't go to the class ?
A. Sir, let me help you carry the luggage to your room.
B. That won't be necessary, I won't trouble you.
麻烦 can also be an adjective used as a predicate, meaning "hassle"; "troublesome".
翻译下面的句子：
Making Chinese food is a lot of trouble.
To go abroad you have to get your passport and visa ready; it is quite a hassle.
Little Horse can be quite a pain. He often asks questions that are very difficult.
H-9 这就要看...了: It depends on...
This is a way to give flexible or indirect response to a question.
翻译下面的句子：
What dishes are delicious? That depends on your taste.
Is tomorrow's test hard? That depends on whether you prepare well.
It's almost vacation time. Do you plan on going to China this winter break?" It all depends on whether my mom will let me.
H-10 比如/比如说：for example
It is used before citing examples. It is slightly more formal than 比方说
He's been to many countries, for instance, England, Japan, China etc.
Our classmates sing really well. Take Wang Peng, for example. He's a great singer.
There are many restaurants nearby, for example, cross the street is an Italian restaurant. To the left, is a French restaurant. Chinese food is diagonally across the American fast food; and the Vietnamese restaurant Is at the corner of the street.
10/19/18
Writing Assignment (Due 10/23)
Write an email message to your host mother 王阿姨
In your message, you must use at least 150 words to tell your host mother:
Greetings 叔叔， 阿姨，（your hosting student's name), 你们好！
首先，非常感谢你们让我住在你们的家,以便让我有机会亲（qin)身体验(yan)中国人的家庭(ting)生活。
introduce yourself and your family
Express how you feel (excited, happy, nervous, worry...... ) about your home-stay
what you normally like to eat (type of meat, vegetable......)
what type of cuisine you like (Chinese, French, Japanese......)
what is your most favorite Chinese food
Do you prefer your food spicy, sweet, salty, sour......
tell them if they should not use MSG. soy sauce, vinegar......
Any food allergies (Peanuts, peach, glutton......)
Food/vegetable/meat that you don't want to eat, even you are not allergic to it (ginger, garlic, cilantro......)
your cooking experience (you are good at) and offer to cook for the Chinese family
Ending Salutations
不好意思，我给你们添(tian1) 麻烦了!
期待早日能跟你们见面！
Remember to use conjunctions
10/23/18
1. Take quiz
2. Add these lists to your letter
List your favorite 10 vegetable/10 Chinese dishes/10 drinks/10 fruits in Chinese
List 10 things that you do not want to eat/drink, or you are allergic to
I like chicken with Broccoli :我喜欢吃芥兰炒鸡肉
Don't repeatedly use the same words over and over!
Don't abuse conjunctions!
Be logical! Think the same way how you should write a letter in English!
Use 上 for going to/attending high school, college...
Pair Practice
H-11 In My Opinion......
Look at the list and take turns with your partner to tell what flavors it has. Make sure to include the expressions: 我觉得/我认为, 一般/通常, 又...又..., 甜，辣，酸，咸，清淡(qing dan)，油腻 (yóu nì).
Example: 饮料 我觉得饮料一般/通常很甜。
可乐
西瓜
蛋糕
苹果
酸辣汤
糖醋鱼
清蒸鱼
四川菜
上海菜
山东菜
广东菜
问至少三个同学，问他们喜欢吃什么味道的菜？然后告诉大家，他们跟你一样， 还是不一样？
你最喜欢吃什么样的/哪一种菜？
你爱吃辣的, 甜的, 咸的, 还是酸的?
XXX 跟我一样, 我们都喜欢吃…的。
XXX 跟我不一样, 她喜欢吃…的，可是我喜欢吃…的。
H-12 FOOD CRITIC FOR A DAY
Imagine you are food critic. Use the following information to practice commenting on Chinese dishes. Make sure to use the following expressions: 我觉得，不怎么样， 应该， 多放， 少放， 别/不要......
例句: 酸辣汤: +醋 - 盐 ｘ糖
我觉得这碗酸辣汤不怎么样。应该多放点醋, 少放点盐, 别放糖。
糖醋鱼 +醋 +糖 x味精
芥兰牛肉 +油 -盐 x味精
菠菜豆腐汤 -油 -盐 ×醋
素饺子 -青菜 -盐 ×醋
冰茶 +水-糖
H-13 SALES PITCH
Help the following businesses promote their goods. Make sure to use 又…又… , 特别是/尤其是…。
Example: bookstore numerous new *Chinese books
我们书店的书又多又新, 特别是这本书.
Clothing store pretty inexpensive *shirts
Furniture store New. Inexpensive. * wardrobe
Grocery store fresh. inexpensive *spinach
Fruit stand Big. fresh *apples
Chinese restaurant, pleasant smelling, delicious, * steamed fish
Tea house Healthy, Delicious, *green tea
H-14 A MODEL CHINESE LANGUAGE STUDENT
Here are some opportunities that a model Chinese languages student may seize to practice Chinese. Please make sure to use: 一…就…。
As soon as he wakes up in the morning, he will listen to the recording.
As soon as the classes are over, she will go to practice speaking with her Chinese friends.
As soon as he gets home, he will watch Chinese TV.
As soon as possible she finishes eating dinner, she will review the new vocabulary and practice reading.
As soon as vacations come, he goes to Chinese summer camp.
Go around and ask 4 classmates about one of their most favorite Chinese dishes. Make a long list of it. If a dish is already mentioned, use : 已经有了。除了…菜以外, 你还喜欢吃什么菜?
......
......
......
H-15 阅读练习
请一边听录音一边看课文，然后回答下面的问题。
To Listen, click: At the Restaurant Recording
一共几个人去了餐馆?
他们是谁?
他们都互相(hu4 xiang1 mutually; each other)认识了吗?
他们都吃素吗？ 你是怎么知道的？
柯林在上菜以前建议(jian4 yi4, to suggest)了什么？
今天是周末, 功课也做完了, 张天明就给柯林打电话, 说他和他的女朋友丽莎想吃中国饭, 问她想不想去。柯林说正好她也想吃中国饭, 就让张天明在宿舍门口等着, 她开车来接他。
半个钟头以后, 柯林的汽车到了。张天明和丽莎上车一看, 车里还有一个女孩儿, 柯林介绍说, 她是从中国来的留学生, 叫李雪梅。几分钟以后, 他们四个人就到了那家中国餐馆儿。
服务员: 这是菜单。
柯林:谢谢。丽沙,天明,你们想吃点什么?
张天明: 这儿什么菜好吃?
柯林:这鸡做得不错, 鱼也很好, 特别是/尤其是 清蒸鱼, 味道好极了。
李雪梅: 芥兰牛肉也挺好,又嫩又香。
丽莎:可以点一个汤吗?
柯林 :当然可以, 这儿的酸辣豆腐汤做得很好,叫一个吧。
林雪梅:再来一个青菜吧。
丽莎: 好,好。
服务员: 现在可以点菜了吗?
柯林: 可以。一个清蒸鱼,一个芥兰牛肉,一个酸辣豆腐汤，
林雪梅:再加点儿香菜(cilantro) 。今天你们有什么新鲜的青菜?
服务员:小白菜怎么样?
柯林:行。服务员, 菜要清淡一点儿,别太咸,少放油, 别放味精。
张天明: 麻烦先来四杯冰水, 再多给我们一些餐巾纸。
服务员: 好,没问题。对了, 你要饭吗?
李雪梅: 我们不＂要饭 （beg for food)＂,我们要四碗米饭。
服务员: 对对对, 要四碗米饭。
张天明: 林雪梅，柯林说这儿中国菜很地道, 是真的吗?
李雪梅:这个饭馆的菜是不错, 但是不如我们杭州的饭馆儿。
张天明:我听我父母说中国各个地方的菜不一样, 哪儿的菜最好吃?
林雪梅: 这就要看你的口味了。比如我爱吃甜的, 就喜欢上海菜；柯林爱吃辣的, 就喜欢四川菜和湖南菜。要是喜欢比较清淡的, 就吃广东菜......
柯林: 雪梅, 你别说了, 我的口水都快流出来了。我们寒假去中国吧。
李雪梅:去中国旅行,吃中国菜? 可以考虑。
丽莎: 这个主意不错, 我也可以考虑。
张天明: 有吃有玩? 我当然可以考虑。
李雪梅: 真的? 那太好了! 大家都去吧!
丽莎: 要是能去中国学中文就更好了！
柯林: 哎，我们的菜来了。
H-16
Writing Test (2/7 computer lab)
(200 words)
Talking about your knowledge about Chinese cuisine. What are the main cuisines in China and their special tastes (spicy, sweet, light taste, salty......) what is your favorite home cooking food and compare them with Chinese food. Your point of view on the Chinese food served in your area. You must use the following expression in your writing/speaking.
一......, 就...... : as soon as ......, then
一点儿办法也没有: have no idea what to do
好容易/好不容易...... : with great difficulty, to have a hard time doing
这个就要看.....了: This will depends on......
跟......一样: to be the same as......
跟......不一样: Not the same as......
麻烦:inconvenient; troublesome; to trouble or bother someone
不如/没有......那么...... : not as much as.......
比如/比如说/比方说: for example
2/3
1. H-17 Speaking Test
中国菜五花八门。不同的地区有不同口味的菜。你对中国菜有什么想法？你觉得在美国的 “中国菜“ 的味道怎么样？地道吗？你喜欢吃什么口味的菜？
2. 中国的文化习俗
To settle the bill in the restaurant is 结账 or more colloquially 买单. No tips are expected. Very upscale restaurant me charge a service fee, typically around 15%.
Hotel restaurants in China come in all shapes and sizes, many of the more popular establishments tend to be raucous, multi-storied affairs. They almost always include private banquet rooms, which may or may not include a 10 to 15% service charge or a minimum consumption charge.
The most basic and the best-known technique in Chinese cooking is stir-fry 炒 which is traditionally done in the heavy cast iron wok . Other common techniques include 红烧 braised in soy sauce and 清蒸 steaming fresh lightly seasoned food. The three must have when cooking Chinese food are green onions 葱， Ginger 姜 and garlic 蒜.
川, 粤, 鲁, 和 苏 是中国四大菜系的缩写。 四川，广东， 山东， 和江苏 是四大很有名的中国的菜系。