1/02/20
G-1 Language Notes (independent)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eNyA3kzqvc
1. 没问题 (no problem) vs. 没关系 (it doesn’t matter)
One uses 没问题 (méi wèntí) to assure someone that their request will be met or a problem will be solved, e.g. :
“开车送你去机场？没问题!” (Drive you to the airport? No problem!)
没关系(méi guānxi), on the other hand, downplays the severity or impact of an issue and is often used in response to someone’s apology for a minor mistake.
2. 拐 (guǎi), in the sense of“to turn,” is used mainly in northern China. In the south, 转 (zhuǎn) is more commonly used instead, which is also the more formal substitute for 拐in the north.
3. Chinese speakers customarily mention the four directions in a set sequence, 东南西北 or 东西南北 . For southeast and northeast, one says 东南and 东北 , never *南东 or *北东 . Similarly, for southwest and northwest, one says 西南and 西北, never *南西 or *北西 .
G-2 Grammar (independent)
5. The Dynamic Particle 过 (guo)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2ZA2P-gAtM
The dynamic particle 过 (guo) is used to denote a past experience or occurrencethat did not continue to the present but, typically, had an impact on the present.
1. 我在中国城工作过一年，所以我知道怎么走。 (I worked in Chinatown for a year, so I know how to get there.) [The fact that the speaker worked in Chinatown for a year is the reason why he/she knows how to get there.]
2. 我见过李友，(所以知道)她很高。 (I’ve met Li You before, (so I know) she is tall.)
3. A: 运动场远不远，你知道吗？ (Do you know if the sports field is far from here?)
B: 运动场我去过，(所以我知道)不远，很近。(I’ve been to the sports field, (so I know) it is not far away. It’s very close.)
In this kind of sentence, expressions of time are often either unspecified or completely absent. If there is no time expression, the implied time for the action or event is 以前 (yĭqián, before; previously). Sometimes 以前can appear in the sentence as well.
4. 我以前去过中国城，知道怎么走。 (I’ve been to Chinatown before. I know how to get there.)
5. 以前我们见过面，可是没说过话。 (We’ve met before, but we’ve never spoken to each other.)
An expression indicating a specific time can also occasionally appear in a sentence with 过 (guo).
6. A: 你见过李小姐吗？ (Have you ever met Miss Li?)
B: 见过，上个月还见过她。 (Yes. I saw her as recently as last month.)
6. Reduplication of Verbs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxMd8fF_mX4
Like adjectives [see Grammar 3 in Lesson 12], verbs can also be reduplicated. Reduplication of a verb in this lesson refers to an anticipated or requested action, and it makes the tone of the sentence milder.
1.老师，您再说说什么时候用“了”，好吗？(Teacher, would you say a bit more about when to use “le”, please?)
2. 妈，您看看，我这样写对不对？ (Mom, take a look—did I write this correctly or not?)
3. 我用用你的电脑可以吗？ (May I use your computer for a minute?)
4. 你帮我找找我的笔，好吗？ (Could you help me look for my pen for a second?)
5. 你考完试，我们一起去公园走走，聊聊天儿。
(Let’s take a walk in the park and have a chat after your exam.)
If a sentence includes both a modal verb and an action verb, only the action verb can be reduplicated.
6. 她想看看我的新手机。 (She wants to take a look at my new cell phone.)
Grammar (Benchmark)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-M0NuiA4-E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixo1xiC-VGs
Let’s review all the resultative complements that we have introduced so far, and learn some new ones that can be formed from the verbs and complements you already know.
verb + 完 (wán): finish doing......
看完 : (finish reading)
吃完 : (finish eating)
喝完 : (finish drinking)
考完 : (finish taking a test)
买完 : (finish buying)
卖完 : (sell out)
Verb +到 :(dào): able to ...
找到 : (find [something or someone] successfully)
看到 : (see [something or someone])
听到 : (hear [something or someone])
买到 :(buy [something] successfully) Cannot say 买见
想到: thought about...
Verb +见: (jiàn): able to...
看见 :(see [something or someone]) — same as 看到
听见 : (hear [something or someone]) — same as 听到
Verb +好: done /ready with......
做好 :(complete doing something, which is now ready)
买好 : (complete buying something, which is now ready)
准备好 : (prepare something, which is ready)
Verb +错 (cuò): mistakenly ......
买错 : (buy the wrong thing)
找错 : (give the wrong change; find the wrong person or thing)
写错 :(write [something] incorrectly)
说错 : (say [something] incorrectly)
走错 : (go the wrong way)
verb + 懂 (dǒng): understand what they hear/see/read...
听懂 : (comprehend what one hears)
看懂 : (comprehend what one reads or sees)
verb + 清楚 (qīngchu): clearly heard/see/say/write///
看清楚 : (see [something] clearly)
听清楚 : (hear [something] clearly)
Verb +会 (huì): able to do things after learning......
学会 : (acquire the skills [for doing something that one was previously unable to do])
一…就jiù …: (as soon as...then...)
7. Resultative Complements (II)
G-3 Practice: Make up sentences
a. 完 (wán):
看完 : (finish reading/watching)
吃完 : (finish eating)
喝完 : (finish drinking)
考完 : (finish taking a test)
买完 : (finish buying)
卖完 : (sell out)
b. 到 (dào):
找到 : (find [something or someone] successfully)
看到 : (see [something or someone])
听到 : (hear [something or someone])
买到 :(buy [something] successfully)
c. 见 (jiàn):
看见 :(see [something or someone]) — same as 看到
听见 : (hear [something or someone]) — same as 听到
d. 好:
做好 :(complete doing something, which is now ready)
买好 : (complete buying something, which is now ready)
准备好 : (prepare something, which is ready)
e. 错 (cuò):
买错 : (buy the wrong thing)
找错 : (give the wrong change; find the wrong person or thing)
写错 :(write [something] incorrectly)
说错 : (say [something] incorrectly)
走错 : (go the wrong way)
f. 懂 (dǒng):
听懂 : (comprehend what one hears)
看懂 : (comprehend what one reads or sees)
g. 清楚 (qīngchu):
看清楚 : (see [something] clearly)
听清楚 : (hear [something] clearly)
h. 会 (huì):
学会 : (acquire the skills [for doing something that one was previously unable to do])
The collocation of a verb with its resultative complement is not random; one has to memorize the whole expression of verb plus resultative complement. Some resultative complements are semantically related to the verb. For instance, in the sentence 我昨天看见她了 (I saw her yesterday), the complement is semantically related to 看 (kàn), the verb of the sentence. Some resultative complements are semantically related to the object. In the sentence 我写错了两个字 (I wrote two characters incorrectly), for instance, it is the object “characters” 字 (zì) that are “wrong” 错 (cuò). Some resultative complements are related to the subject, e.g., in the sentence 我学会了 (I have learned it), the complement 会 (huì) is semantically related to 我 , the subject of the sentence.
Independent
8. 一… 就jiù … (as soon as...then...) ***YOU CAN ONLY PUT IT RIGHT BEFORE THE VERBS!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRb94hImTHM
This structure connects two actions. It can be used to combine actions in two different types of situations: habitual situations or one-time situations. In a habitual situation, whenever the first action occurs, the second action immediately follows:
1. 他一上课就想睡觉。 (He feels sleepy every time the class starts.)
2. (Little Zhang normally eats only vegetables. He feels sick whenever he eats meat.)
3. (Attorney Li drinks coffee whenever he feels tired.)
In a one-time situation, the second act takes place as soon as the first is completed:
4. 我们一进饭馆儿，服务员就告诉我们没位子了。
(As soon as we got into the restaurant, the waiter told us there were no seats available.)
5. (The grammar in this lesson was very easy. I understood it the moment I read it.)
6. (The activity center is not far from here. Turn right at the second intersection, and you’ll be there.)
G-4 Language Practice
F. Experience Inventory
Ask your partner if he/she has ever tried the activities or tasted the foods shown below. Ask a follow-up question if the answer is affirmative. Ask if he/she wishes to try them if the answer is negative.
Example 1:
A: 你打过球吗？
B: 我打过（球）。
A: 你觉得打球 有意思吗？
B: 我觉得打球很 有意思/没有意思。
1. Have you been to NYC? Yes, I have. Do you think NYC is interesting? Yes/no.
2. You make up some sentences
3.
4.
5.
Example 2
A: 你吃过家常豆腐吗？
B: 我吃过（家常豆腐）。
A: 你觉得家常豆腐 好吃吗？
B: 我觉得家常豆腐 很好吃/不好吃。
You make up some sentences:
1.
2.
3.
G. One Thing After Another
Work with your partner and take turns asking each other:P. 92
1. A: 你平常一吃完早饭就做什么？ B:
2. A: 你平常一下中文课就做什么？ B:
3. A: 你平常一高兴就做什么？ B:
4. A: 你昨天早上一 起床就做什么？ B:
5. A: 你昨天一回家就做什么？ B:
H. Location, Location, Location
Locate some of the buildings using different landmarks.P. 93
Example: 图书馆
A: 请问图书馆在哪儿？ B: 图书馆在运动场的北边。
or 图书馆在教室和咖啡馆的中间。
1. 公园
2. 餐厅
3. 运动场
4. 公共汽车站
I. How Do I Get There?
Using the map from the previous exercise, practice with your partner how to ask for and give directions.
Example: 公园老师办公室
A: 从公园到老师办公室怎么走？
B: 你从公园出来，上五号公路，往北走，到了第一个十字路口，往东拐，过两个路口，到了第三个丁字路口往左一拐，就到了/老师办公室就在你的右边儿。
1. 从 电脑中心 到 运动场
2. 从 学生宿舍 到公共汽车站
3. 从 书店到 花店
G-5 Reading Practice III
A.我们去中国城吃中国饭吧！
B.我没去过中国城，不知道中国城在哪儿。
A.没问题，你开车，我告诉你怎么走。
B.你有地图吗？给我看看。
A.地图在宿舍里，我忘了拿来了。
B.没有地图，走错了怎么办？
A.没有地图没关系，中国城我去过很多次，不用地图也能找到。
B.你从这儿一直往南开，过三个路口，往西一拐就到了。
A.哎，我不知道东南西北。
B.那你一直往前开，过三个红绿灯，往右一拐就到了。
（过了三个路口）
A.不对，不对。你看，这个路口只能往左拐，不能往右拐。
B.那就是下一个路口。往右拐，再往前开。到了，到了，你看见了吗？前面有很多中国字。
A.那不是中文，那是日文，我们到了小东京了。
B. 是吗？我们走错路了。 那我们不吃中国饭了，吃日本饭吧！
J. Recap and Narrate
Working with a partner, recap the content of Dialogue II:
1. 王朋和高文中 一起去什么地方？
2. 谁开车？
3. 王朋知道去 中国城怎么走吗？
4. 高文中说他带 地图了吗？
5. 高文中说他知道去中国城怎么走吗？
6. 高文中说去中国城怎么走？
7. 王朋知道东南西北吗？
8. 高文中告诉 王朋的路对吗？
G-6 Speaking /Writing Test (on 01/06/20)
Last weekend you and your friends went to a place to for an event (dinner, meeting, site seeing...... Unfortunately, you went to the wrong way and got lost. Write about your trip in Chinese. You must write at least 100 words. You have to use as many conjunction words as possible. Here is the Rubrics:
Writing Rubrics
This is an example that you can use for your reference while you practice it. There will be no English during the writing test.
Last weekend my friend and I wanted to go to Chinatown to eat Chinese food. Because we both like spicy food, especially hot and sour soup and Spicy Tofu, so we want to go to either Sichuan or Hunan restaurant. My mom wanted to drive us there but she did not know how to get there. My friend said: "No problem, I have a map. Oops! I forgot the map! Although we forgot the map, I still know how to get there." He told my mom: "coming out from your house, turn to the left; then drive straight forward, at the next traffic light, turn right; then pass an overpass, at the next 3-way intersection, turn right and get on the highway. pass 4 exits, turn right, then you will arrive. it is on your right side."
We got there, we could not find Chinatown, we drove the wrong way. I went to Little Italy.
Option II
Gao Wenzhong: Let’s go to Chinatown to have some Chinese food.
Wang Peng: I’ve never been to Chinatown. I don’t know where Chinatown is.
Gao Wenzhong: No problem. You drive, and I’ll tell you how to get there.
Wang Peng: Do you have a map? Let me take a look.
Gao Wenzhong: The map is in the dorm. I forgot to bring it.
Wang Peng: Without the map, what will we do if we go the wrong way?
Gao Wenzhong: It doesn’t matter if we don’t have the map. I’ve been to Chinatown many times. I can find it without a map. Go south from here. After three blocks, turn west, and we’ll be there.
Wang Peng: Oh, I don’t have any sense of direction.
Gao Wenzhong: Then drive straight ahead. After three traffic lights, turn right, and you’ll be there.
(After three blocks)
Wang Peng: This isn’t right. See, you can only turn left here. You can’t turn right.
Gao Wenzhong: Then it’ll be the next block. Turn right. Keep going further. We’re there, we 're there. See, there are lots of Chinese characters in front of us.
Wang Peng: That’s not Chinese, that’s Japanese. We’re in Little Tokyo.
Gao Wenzhong: Really? Then let’s not have Chinese food, let’s have Japanese food instead.
Culture Highlights
1，在中国文化中，中国人和人打招呼的一种常见的和最亲切的方式是通过询问对方当时正在做的的日常生活。比如说，在看到了
某个朋友刚刚进到杂货店时，人们可能要问：“ 去买菜呀？“
再比如说，你看到一个同学正离开教室，你就说："下课了？"
请记住，中国人在问这些问题时，并不对答案感兴趣。只是打一个招呼。这些问题并不视为侵入个人隐私。
2，在中国很多城市，交通灯通常用电子显示屏前告诉行人和车辆还有多少秒数 灯由绿色变为红色。这样使司机和行人在通过路口可以更好地管理自己的时间。
3，”中国话” 和 “中文“ 指的是中国的语言。然而，虽然中文包括口语和书面语，“中国话“ 只是口语。”中国字” 也叫“汉字”。同样，无论是”日语” 和 “日文“ ，意思都是 Japanese Language。”日文” 包括口语和书面语，“日语“ 是指日语口语。”日本话” 和 “日语“的意思是一样的，只是非正式的。
1. In Chinese culture, a common and cordial way to greet someone is by asking a casual question about the routine activity that another person is engaged in at the moment. Thus, upon seeing a
friend on her way to a grocery store, one could ask 买菜呀? (Going grocery shopping, eh?) Running into a fellow student who is leaving a classroom, one could ask 下课了? (Just had your class?) As the situation is usually very obvious, the speaker does not expect and is not interested in, an elaborate answer. Nor are these questions considered intrusive or personal.
2. In many cities in China, the array of traffic lights includes an electronic display of the number of seconds before the light turns from green to red, which enables drivers and pedestrians to better manage their time in getting through the intersection.
3. Both 中国话 (huà) and 中文refer to the Chinese language. However, while 中文covers both spoken and written Chinese, 中国话 stresses spoken Chinese. 中国字 is synonymous with 汉字 (Hànzì). Similarly, both 日语and 日文mean the Japanese language. While 日文 covers both spoken and written Japanese, 日语stresses spoken Japanese. 日本话 is synonymous with 日语, but it is more informal.
Progress Checklist
Before proceeding to Lesson 14, be sure you can complete the following tasks in Chinese:
I am able to—
ü Ask for directions;
ü Give directions;
ü Locate places using landmark references;
ü Tell someone whether a place is far away from or close to another place;
ü Provide information about where I am going and why.