e
Your Task
In this chapter, you will learn to use Chinese to
1. Review your monthly income and spending pattern;
2. Talk about how you balance your personal budget;
3. Name some possible reasons to work part-time while in school;
4. Discuss the pros and cons of working part-time while in school;
5. Describe what you dislike or what bothers you.
Prepare to relate Chinese culture with your own culture and community
1. Are parents expected to provide their children with financial support for college? How about in China?
2. Do teenagers and college students often take on part-time jobs? How about in China?
3. Do people generally have savings in the bank? How about in China?
4. Is it easy to apply for student loans? How about in China?
1/31/20
H-1 生词 P1
供 (gōng) - to provide; to support financially
收入 (shōu rù) to take in / income / revenue
工资 (gōng zī) - salary
压力 (yā lì) the pressure
受到 (shòu dào) to receive non-material thing
良好的 (liáng hǎo) decent (for education，influence，environment...)
教育 (jiào yù) education
存 (cún) exist / deposit / store / keep / survive
存钱/存款 (cún qián/cún kuǎn) Save/Deposit Money
生存 (shēng cún) to exist / to survive
不断地 (bù duàn di) unceasing / uninterrupted / continuous / constant
大人 (dà rén) - adult
赚钱/挣钱 (zhuàn qián/zhèng qián) to make money
减轻 (jiǎn qīng) lighten / ease / alleviate
加重 (jiā zhòng) - make or become heavier; increase the weight of
负担 (fù dān) (bear a) burden
适合 (shì hé) to fit / to suit
合适 (hé shì) suitable; fitting; decent; to fit
影响 (yǐng xiǎng) an influence / to influence / to affect (usually adversely) / to disturb
受......的影响:(shòu......de yǐng xiǎng) under the influence of......
家庭 (Jiā tíng) Family
零用钱 (líng yòng qián) - allowance; spending money
奖学金 (jiǎng xué jīn) scholarship
交 (jiaō) to hand in; to hand over; to pay (the rent etc)
政府 (zhèng fǔ) government
贷款 (dài kuǎn) (bank) loan / to (provide a) loan
Quiz on 2/5/20
https://quizlet.com/481501645/4-part-time-job-with-pinyin-p1-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/481504544/4-part-time-job-p1-no-pinyin-flash-cards/?new
H-1 生词 P2
农村 (nóng cūn) rural area / village
家教 (jiā jiào) a tutor
读书/念书 (dú shū/niàn shū) to study / to read
借 (jiè) - To borrow
还 (huán ) to return
欠 (qiàn) - to owe
事情 (shì qing) affair / matter / thing / business
乖 (guāi) (of a child, not for grown-ups) obedient, well-behaved
招聘 (zhāo pìn) job recruiting
招生 (zhāo shēng) - to recruit students for colleges
招商 (zhāo shāng) attract outside investment
工读生 (gōng dú shēng) students who work and attend college at the same time
待遇 (dài yù) treatment; pay; benefit
可 + Adj...... really......
多+ Ajd ...... how......!
取得 (qǔ dé) gain; acquire; obtain (honors, progress...)
说到... (shuō dào) Talking about.../to mention
店员 (diàn yuán) - salesperson
出版 (chū bǎn) to publish / to come off the press
代理 (dài lǐ) to act on behind of
旅行社 (lǚ xíng shè) - travel agency
导游 (dǎo yóu) - tour guide
网络 (wǎng luò) Internet
网站 (wǎng zhàn) - website
管理员 (guǎn lǐ yuán) people who manage something (usually without administrative title/rank)
Quiz on 2/6/20
https://quizlet.com/86567496/4-part-time-job-p2-with-pinyin-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/86571911/4-part-time-job-p2-no-pinyin-flash-cards/
2/6/20
语法
H-2 DIRECTIONAL COMPLEMENTS SUGGESTING RESULT
By definition, directional complements have to do with direction. For instance, 来 simplifies movement towards the speaker; 上 indicates an upward moment, and so on. However, many directional complements the direction do not actually deal with the direction in a literal sense, but rather suggest a result or state of being. In this lesson, we have directional complements that express result.
他们希望两个孩子能受到良好的教育, 所以孩子一生下来就开始给他们存教育费。
Here, 下来 implies detachment or separation of one thing from another. Simply, we say 从本子上撕下一张纸起来 （tear a piece of paper from a notebook, ）把西瓜切下来一块（ cut the slice off of watermelon）, etc.
每年开学的时候, 家里还是得拿出很多钱来。
出来 signifies the emergence of something from hidden into the open or a change from having nothing to have something:
1. 把你的问题说出来, 我们大家帮你解决。
2. 我看出来他生气了。
3. 给孩子想出来一个好名字。
上, 上来, 上去, 下, 下来, 下去, 出, 出来, 过, 过来, 过去, 起, 起来, 开, etc., All can convey result. It is important to understand the meaning of these directional complements when they are used in this sense. Try to memorize them together with their preceding verbs.
H-3 来 connecting two verb phrases
When 来 connects tow Verb phrases, with the second phrase indicating a purpose, it is similar to "to," or "in order to" in English.
1. 大家决定开一个舞会来给他过生日。
2. 我觉得自己已经长大了，应该做一些工作来减轻父母的负担。
3. 我妹妹告诉我应该用听录音的办法来提高汉语水平。
2/7/20
H-4 THE DYNAMIC PARTICLE 了
We have already learned that 了 can indicate the realization of action or that emergence of the state. However, that does not mean that is always required with completed actions, as in this lesson:
张天明的父母收入虽然不少,但是供天明和姐姐上大学,经济上还是有些压力。他们希望孩子们能收到良好的教育, 所以孩子一生下来就开始给他们存教育费。
In the above passage, 他们希望孩子们能收到良好的教育, 所以孩子一生下来就开始给他们存教育费。is the completed event, however, it is presented as part of the background information to the main narrative, 这时候丽莎和雪梅走了进来. That is why the verb 存 does not take 了.
H-5 RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
Rhetorical questions are interrogative in form, but the speaker is really emphasizing a point rather than asking a real question for which an answer is expected, for example,
她昨天根本没复习, 怎么能考一百分呢?
The speaker is saying： “of course， there's no way she could get a full score. ”The sentence is affirmative in form but negative in meaning.
他已经学了三年化学了, 这么简单的问题难道他不会吗?
Generally speaking, rhetorical questions that affirmative in form carries an emphatically negative meaning; rhetorical questions that are negative in form carrying emphatically positive meaning. For example, see the following two sentences from this lesson:
他怎么不想想, 父母 挣钱/赚钱 都不容易啊? （The speaker means that he should think about this issue.)
谁不知道你是父母的乖孩子！（Everyone knows that you are an exemplary child)
H-6 Adverb 可
可 is employed in colloquial speech to lend force to a statement. You can leave 可 out without changing the meaning, but the tone of voice will be weakened:
1. 我可做不出这样的事情。
2. 你可真行, 考试得了一百分。
3. 我可从来没说过这样的话。
4. 那些女孩子可真能七嘴八舌的。常常说三道四。
词语练习
H-7 压力 pressure
压力 is a noun, often appearing in patterns such as 有压力，给…压力， or 对…的压力.
1. My parents have been giving me a lot of pressure on which college I should choose.
2. I didn't do well on the exam and I'm worried that my mom will be mad. I feel a lot of pressure.
3. This time I'm taking the engines exam for graduate school and my adviser has given me a lot of pressure.
4. The economy is doing really bad this year, I can't find a job in this puts a lot of pressure on me.
H-8 受到 and 收到 to receive
受到 is often followed by the below abstract nouns, which are usually qualified as indicated by brackets below, e.g., 受到大家的欢迎；受到良好的教育；受到老师的影响; 受到大家的尊重......
收到 means to receive an item, such as a gift, a letter, a message, a phone call......
1. Prof. Liu not only is a great teacher, but also a very nice person. Therefore he received wild respects from all the students.
2. I heard that going to college in China one can also receive a very good education.
3. Foreign students going to China are well received by everyone, especially from their host families.
4. Under the influence of my friends, I decided to go to Europe to study.
H-9 减轻 to lessen
减轻 Is generally followed by an abstract noun, for example,减轻负担；减轻压力；减轻痛苦（tòngkǔ）......
1. The students wish that the teacher would assign them less homework so as to (use 来）lighten their burden.
2. Now that he's found a job, he feels a load has been taken off his shoulders.
3. The doctor tried many different ways to (use 来）ease his pain.
H-10 适合 and 合适
We have learned 合适 as an adjective meaning ＂suitable.＂ This lesson we have 适合, meaning ＂to suit.＂适合 is a transitive verb; in other words, it must be followed by a noun or occur in a "pivotal sentence" in which the object also serves as the subject of the following clause.
Note the contrasting functions of these two words in the following sentences:
1. 这条牛子裤不适合你穿, 你妈妈穿可能合适。
2. 这种家具适合家里用, 放在办公室不合适。
3. 这个专业不适合你, 你还是选别的专业。
H-11 影响 To influence or affect others; influence
影响 can be a verb.
Not having enough time to sleep will affect one's health.
Why don't you study? I'll sit here quietly and won't distract you.
影响 can also be a noun and often appears in the pattern of A 对 B 有影响（A has an influence on B）as seen in the sentence：
1. 你不去开这个会, 对你找工作会有影响。
2. 如果你不复习的话,就会对你的考试成绩有影响。
3. 我的老师对我将来工作的选择有很大的影响。
4. 我的哥哥对我选择的专业有很大的影响。
H-12 取得 to obtain
取得 is also followed by abstract nouns such as 经验, 同意,好成绩（chéng jì, success; a good grade), 进步（jìn bù progress).
1. Because I studied very hard to review the final exam, therefore I got a fantastic grade on my final exam.
2. In order to obtain working experience, this summer I'm going to intern in a very big company in China.
3. I finally got the agreement from my parents. They agreed to allow me to go to China for college.
H-13 说到 Speaking of
To expand on the topic already mentioned, we can say 说到......
1. Speaking of money, my roommate told me that her mom got angry and wouldn't give her any more money.
2. Speaking of next semester's classes, can we choose not to take our school's classes?
3. Speaking of summer vacation, where do you want to go this year?
4. Speaking this sports, do you know that his brother is a very good basketball player?
H-14 嫌
嫌 is a verb meaning "to dislike, to detest." It is usually followed by a clause.
1. I dislike the fact that this apartment is too close to the road. It's too noisy.
2. My cousin dislikes the fact that her boyfriend is too careless, that's why she broke up with him recently.
3. My mom dislike the fact that this restaurant's food is way too greasy and way too salty.
4. My roommate dislikes the fact that working at a restaurant as a part-time is too exhausting, and makes very little money, so he decided to find a job elsewhere.
H-15 不是 A, 就是 B
If it's not A, it's B; either A or B This pattern is often used to being numerate two predictable scenarios:
1. Every evening around 6 o'clock, my mom either cooking for the whole family, or cleaning the house.
2. Because the food in the cafeteria is really bad, therefore we often either order takeout or go out to restaurants.
3. It's really difficult to run an apartment now. Either the rent is too expensive, or the rooms are bad. It's a real hassle.
4. Those who came to the party last night were either classmates or friends. He knew them all.
5. Since she's a vegetarian, she normally eats either vegetables or tofu.
H-16 多 + adjective (+ 呀/啊！) : (How...... it is!)
This is an adverb used as an intensifier in exclamatory sentences:
1. Look, how tall he is! He’s also very handsome!
2. With a difficult thing for parents to make enough money!
3. How cold it is outside! Be a good boy and stay indoors. Don't go out.
4. This weather is so ugly! Who would buy it? I would not take it even as a gift.
2/7/20
H-17 BE YOUR OWN BOOKKEEPER
Do you know how much money you or your family spend on a monthly basis? It's a good practice to list your or your family's monthly income and expenses and see if you can balance your monthly budget. Put together a hypothetical budget using the following chart
收入 支出
爸爸的工资 生活费
妈妈的工资 房租/房屋贷款dài kuǎn + 房地产税
我打工挣的钱 水电费
父母给的零用钱 饭菜钱
爷爷奶奶给的生日礼物钱 汽油钱
过年过节收到的钱 手机费/电话费
其他 学杂费
电视费
网络费
外出吃饭钱
买衣服/鞋的钱
看电影
......
After filling out your own budget, work with a partner and ask each other if you can pay for your monthly expenses without going debt.
你/你家每个月的钱够不够付你们的生活费和教育费?
If the answer is negative, ask for possible solutions.
那你打算怎么办?
Here are some suggestions, and you can add your own two cents in number 7 and number 8.
1. Borrow money from the bank
2. Borrow money from parents
3. Apply for new credit card
4. Do more part-time job
5. Don't spend too much money
6. Move back home, in order to save money from the rent and meal
7.
8.
2/11/20
Work with a partner to make a list in the Chinese of possible part-time job locations that you both are interested in.
超市
咖啡店
......
......
Then ask each other if you or your siblings have worked in those places.
你在咖啡店打过工吗? 虽然我在咖啡店没打过工，可是我姐姐在咖啡店打过工。
H-19 Job titles
Work with your partner to identify the following part-time jobs.
咖啡馆服务员
餐馆师傅
商店售货员
书店店员
出版公司翻译
旅行社导游
网络公司网站管理员
家教
超市收银员
律师楼的秘书
校工
送外卖
看小孩子
......
Tell each other if you have done such work before.
我在餐馆当过服务员。
我送过外卖。
我现在每天放学以后看小孩子。
H-20 ARE YOU EASILY DISTRACTED?
Ask 3 to 5 of your classmates what may have a negative impact on their studies.
什么会影响你学习?
睡不好觉会影响我学习。
1. Get sick
2. Noisy music
3. Argue with the girlfriend/boyfriend
4. Bad mood
5. Party
6. Playing too much video games
7. Chatting with friends
8. Wasting time
9. Doing part-time job
10. Money problem
......
H-21 PICKY! PICKY! PICKY!
What are the things that you are very picky about? （use 嫌）
The principal dislikes the fact that some students are too lazy.
My mom's brother dislikes the fact that my job is too exhausting.
My dad's dad dislikes the fact that the children are too noisy.
王老师 Dislikes the fact that China is too far from New York.
You?
......
......
......
......
H-22 SO PREDICTABLE!
Some people always do the same thing, eat the same food, buy the same clothes, etc. Working with a partner, see how predictable they are.
For example:
My girlfriend, free time, Blogging/shopping
1. 你的女朋友有空儿的时候做什么?
2. 他有空儿的时候, 不是写博客, 就是买东西。
Mrs. He, shopping for shoes, black/brown
Miss Zhao, ordering in restaurants, steamed fish/beef with broccoli
Mr. Fang, out on the town, concert/karaoke
Old Sun watching TV, basketball game/soccer game
你呢？
2/13/20
H-23 GET TO WORK!
Ask yourself what possible reasons would make you look for a part-time job: to earn some spending money, to get work experience, to help out your family, etc. Write them down in Chinese, and mark the most important reason with *:
1,
2,
*3,
4,
Then tell your teacher and classmates why you want to work part-time:
我想打工,除了为了… … 以外, 最重要的是… …。
2/14/20
情人节快乐！
H-24 WORK vs STUDY
Discuss with a partner the good and bad aspects of working while studying in school, and list them below.
你觉得一边读书一边打工挣钱有什么好处? 有什么坏处?
Based on this, and pulled a short report. Trying to make it as smoothly connected as you can.
我们觉得一边读书一边打工挣钱对…很有帮助。但是我们也觉得一边读书一边打工赚钱可能对… …有不好的影响。
H-25 听力和阅读练习
先阅读下面的会话，然后回答下面的问题
1. Do Tianming's parents have the means to support their children's education?
2. Why is Tianming surfing the Internet?
3. Is it common to find college students waiting tables in restaurants in China?
4. What kind of trouble is Lisa's roommate in?
张天明的父母收入虽然不少,但是供天明和姐姐上大学, 经济上还是有一些压力。她们希望孩子们能收到良好的教育, 所以孩子一生下来就开始给他们存教育费。可是因为学费和生活费不断提高, 家里每年还得另外拿出很多钱来。张天明觉得自己已经是大人了, 应该找工作 挣钱/赚钱 来减轻父母的负担, 所以就上网看看有没有适合自己的工作。这时候丽莎和雪梅走了进来。
雪梅: 天明, 你在网上看什么呢?
张天明: 我想打点儿工, 少花一点儿家里的钱。
雪梅: 你父母的工作都很好, 需要你去打工赚钱吗? 打工会不会影响学习?
张天明: 我想打工, 除了为了减轻家庭经济负担以外, 更重要的是想取得一些工作经验。如果打工时间不太多, 不会影响学习。
丽莎: 我也想打工 挣/赚点儿零用钱。
雪梅: 你不是有奖学金吗?
丽莎: 奖学金不够交学费, 我还申请了政府的学生贷款。哎, 雪梅, 中国大学生也打工吗?
雪梅: 以前不用, 因为那时候上大学不用交学费。现在大学收费了, 所以不少大学生也想办法打工 挣钱/赚钱。
丽莎: 中国大学生 一般/通常/常常 在哪儿打工? 在餐馆当服务员吗?
雪梅: 在餐馆打工的大学生也有, 但是很少。中国城市里有很多从农村来找工作的人, 餐馆喜欢找他们, 因为 工资/工钱 比较低。
丽莎: 你打过工吗?
雪梅: 打过, 我做过家教, 教英语。我的同学有的做翻译, 有的管理电脑。
张天明: 看起来不少学生都是一边读书一边打工 挣钱/赚钱。
丽莎: 说到钱, 我的同屋今天跟我借钱。她说她妈妈生气了, 不给她钱了。
雪梅:为什么?
丽莎: 她父母把她这个学期的饭钱都交了,可是她嫌学校餐厅的菜难吃, 不是叫外卖, 就是跟同学去饭馆儿, 还经常乱买东西, 乱花钱, 欠了银行和信用卡公司很多钱。上个月父母给的零用钱, 她不到十天就花完了, 又跟妈妈要了一些, 还是不够。
雪梅: 难怪她妈妈生气。他怎么不想想, 父母 挣钱/赚钱 多不容易呀?
张天明: 我可做不出这样的事情。
丽莎: 谁不知道你是父母的乖孩子! 好吧,你慢慢找, 我们走了。
After your study, challenge yourself to complete the following tasks in Chinese.
List the expenses that Tianming's parents try to pay for it.
List the reasons why 天明 wants to work.
List the financial arrangements that Lisa has made to support her college education.
List the part-time jobs that college students in China often take on.
List those behaviors that have landed Lisa's roommate in financial trouble.
2/26/20
H-26 Speaking (Small Group Discussion)
你觉得高中生打工的好处是什么？
一边上学一边打工的坏处是什么？
你在哪里打工？你打什么工（做什么工作）？
你为什么要打工？
每个小时工钱/工资是多少？
你是怎么找到你的工作的？
你打工赚来的钱都用来买什么东西？
你的父母供你上大学的费用吗？
上大学的时候你自己得付什么费用？
你常常借钱吗？为什么？
中国的大学生打工吗？
他们觉得半工半读？
国际学生在中国可以打工吗？
在中国我可以做什么工作？
H-27 Writing Practice (Test on 3/5/20)
请给小明回信：(follow the usual writing rubric)
来自小明的电子邮件：
你好吗？好久没有在网上跟你聊天了！你最近怎么样？申请大学的手续都办理好了吗？我希望你能被你最理想的大学录取！
我今天给你写电邮是因为我有一个烦恼。你知道，我非要上一个名牌大学不可。如果从名牌大学毕业了，将来一定会找到一个非常好的工作，也会赚很多的钱。可是，学费太贵了。尽管我的父母会帮我付一半的学费。可是因为我还有其他的兄弟姐妹也要上大学，父母的收入不是很高，所以另一半我要自己付钱。除了学费，我还要付买书钱，住宿费，还有零花钱什么的...... 虽然我打算借学生贷款，可是将来要还钱的。我想我得做工读生，一边打工，一边上学。可是又担心会影响我的功课，因为打工又花时间，又花精力。我希望你能给我一点建议，要是你的话，你会怎么办呢？
祝好！
小明
供
收入
工资
压力
受到
良好
教育
存
存钱/存款
生存
不断
大人
赚钱/挣钱
减轻
加重
负担
适合
合适
影响
受......的影响
家庭
零用钱
奖学金
交
政府
贷款
农村
家教
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招生
招商
工读生
待遇
可 + Adj...... really......
多+ Ajd ...... how......!
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CULTURE HIGHLIGHTS
Higher education in China used to be free. Beginning in the late 1980s, the state started to charge tuition. Surveys in recent years have repeatedly shown that educational expenses are the largest expense in the average household's annual budget, more than saving for retirement or housing expenditures. Both need- and merit-based scholarships are available. Parents, however, remain the main source of financial support for Chinese college students.
Increasingly, Chinese college students work on or off-campus to offset living expenses. The most popular form of part-time employment is tutoring elementary and middle school students. Depending on the subject, the work can be quite lucrative, especially musical instrument instruction. Some college students work in sales, do creative works such as graphic design, or engage in translation services.