Module 2: Ideological Conflict

Ideological Conflict: Marxism

Karl Marx was a 19th-century philosopher, economist, and social theorist whose ideas have profoundly influenced political thought and activism. He is best known for his critique of capitalism and his advocacy for a revolutionary socialist approach to achieving social and economic equality. Marx argued that society is fundamentally divided into two main classes: the workers (proletariat), who labor and produce goods, and the bosses (bourgeoisie), who own the means of production and profit from that labor. This class struggle, he contended, drives historical change and societal development.

Central to Marxist theory is the notion that the bourgeoisie (the wealthy) exploits the proletariat (the workers)by taking the surplus value generated by workers' labor. Marx believed that this exploitation creates significant inequalities in wealth and power, leading to social unrest and discontent among the working class. He argued that awareness of this exploitation would eventually galvanize the workers to rise against their oppressors. For Marx, the path to liberation lay in a revolution that would dismantle capitalist structures, abolishing private ownership of the means of production and redistributing wealth.

Marx envisioned a future where a classless society would emerge, free from the hierarchies and inequalities of capitalism. In this ideal society, the means of production would be collectively owned, allowing for equitable distribution of resources and opportunities. Workers would no longer be alienated from the products of their labor, as they would participate in decision-making processes that affect their lives and communities. Marx's theory continues to inspire movements advocating for social justice, workers' rights, and systemic change in pursuit of a more equitable world.