Your child will be working toward two major achievements in math: mastering arithmetic and building a deep understanding of multiplication and division.
Mastering Addition & Subtraction (Up to 1,000) :
They're working on solving three-digit addition and subtraction problems (like 452+317) both accurately and efficiently.
They'll use strategies, such as breaking numbers down by place value, to solve problems.
Understanding Multiplication & Division :
They'll learn to solve real-world word problems (involving things like equal groups or arrays) by translating them into the correct multiplication or division equation.
They'll learn the "rules" (or properties) of multiplication, such as knowing that 3×4 is the same as 4×3, which helps them solve complex problems more easily.
Achieving Fact Fluency (A Major Goal):
A critical goal is memorizing all their multiplication facts (times tables).
They'll use this multiplication knowledge to quickly and accurately solve related division problems (like knowing 5×6=30 helps them solve 30÷5).
Measurement and Area Skills
These standards relate to measuring and understanding the space inside two-dimensional shapes.
Breaking Down Area: They can multiply the side lengths to find the area of a rectangle. They learn to take large rectangular areas and break them into smaller pieces (smaller, non-overlapping rectangles). Then, they can add the areas of the smaller rectangles together to find the area of the whole shape. This visually helps them understand how multiplication works.
Real-World Area: They can solve real-world problems that involve finding the area of a rectangle. This includes problems where they have to find the area given the side lengths, or problems that combine addition and multiplication (e.g., finding the total area of two adjacent rooms).
Operations and Algebraic Thinking
These standards focus on applying multiplication, division, and other operations to problem-solving.
Applying Multiplication and Division: They can use multiplication and division to solve different types of word problems within 100. This includes problems involving equal groups, arrays (rows and columns), and measurement quantities.
Two-Step Word Problems: They can solve word problems that require two steps using the four basic operations (add, subtract, multiply, and divide). They learn to write equations using a letter to represent the unknown number (e.g., 3 x 5 + 4 = n). They are also expected to use estimation to check if their answers are reasonable.
Number and Fractions
These standards focus on understanding fractions as numbers and identifying equivalent amounts.
Locating Fractions on a Number Line: They can represent a fraction on a number line by seeing it as a series of equal parts. For example, to locate 3/4, they understand that the space between 0 and 1 is divided into four equal parts, and they mark the point that is three parts away from 0.
Recognizing Equivalent Fractions: They can recognize and create simple equivalent fractions (fractions that are equal in size), such as 1/2 is the same as 2/4. They can explain why the fractions are equivalent using visual fraction models.
Comparing Whole Numbers and Fractions: They can express whole numbers as fractions (e.g., 1 = 4/4 or 4 = 4/1. They can also locate fractions that are equal to whole numbers on a number line.
Using Comparisons: They can compare two fractions that have the same numerator (top number) or the same denominator (bottom number) by thinking about their size. They know that comparisons are only fair when the fractions refer to the same whole.
Time and Measurement Skills
These standards focus on telling and calculating time, and measuring mass and liquid volume.
Telling and Calculating Time: They can tell and write time to the nearest minute using analog and digital clocks. More importantly, they can solve problems involving addition and subtraction of time intervals in minutes. For example, calculating how much time has passed between 2:35 PM and 3:15 PM.
Measuring Liquid Volume and Mass: They can measure the liquid volume (like liters or milliliters) and the mass (weight, like grams or kilograms) of objects using standard units. They can also solve simple one-step word problems involving these measurements (e.g., finding the difference in weight between two objects).
Geometry and Partitioning Skills
This standard focuses on dividing shapes into equal parts, connecting to the concept of fractions.
Partitioning Shapes: They can divide shapes (like rectangles, squares, or circles) into parts with equal areas. They can also express the area of each part as a unit fraction of the whole. For example, if they divide a rectangle into 4 equal parts, they understand that the area of each part is 1/4 of the area of the rectangle.
Perimeter Skills
This standard focuses on measuring the distance around a shape.
Finding the Perimeter: They can solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the perimeter of polygons (any shape with straight sides). This means they can:
Find the perimeter when given all the side lengths.
Find an unknown side length when given the perimeter and the lengths of the other sides.
Find rectangles that have the same perimeter but different areas, and rectangles that have the same area but different perimeters.