Temperaments

Choleric

Strong unstable type.

Characterized by a strong irritable process and a relatively weak inhibition process, fast, impetuous, impulsive, impatient, unbalanced, subject to a sharp change of moods, emotional outbursts. Choleric has a great capacity for work. Choleric characterized by unstable nervous system, extrovertion, which makes his reactions very violent, but at the same time short-term. He's quick to explode, but quick to cool down. He's prone to aggression. As an extrovert, he needs to be energized from the outside and to see himself in the world, communicating with others gives energy. Choleric characterized by a high level of mental activity, vigor of actions, sharpness, impetuosity, strength of movements, their rapid pace, gustiness.

Сholeric is a type of temperament characterized by high energy, activity, impulsiveness and desire for leadership. People with a choleric temperament have a strong but unbalanced type of nervous system, which is manifested in rapid response, increased excitability and a tendency to sharp actions. 

The main characteristics of a choleric: 

• Energetic and active: Cholerics have tremendous energy and tend to be active. 

• Impulsiveness: They tend to act quickly and impulsively without thinking about the consequences. 

• Aspiration for leadership: Cholerics often hold leadership positions and seek to control what happens. 

• Determination and assertiveness: They strive to achieve their goals without fear of challenges. 

• Emotionality and irascibility: Cholerics can be emotional, irascible and impatient. 

• High reactivity: They react to events quickly and emotionally. 

Strengths: High work capacity and energy, Goal-oriented and eager to succeed, Ability to make quick decisions, Strong leadership skills, Initiative and activity. 

Weaknesses: Can be abrupt and impatient, Impulsiveness can lead to mistakes, Tendency to conflict due to irascibility and directness, Can be erratic in their decisions, Intolerance to slowness and routine. 

Cholerics tend to be energetic, determined and goal-oriented people. They have a strong character, tend to lead and take decisive action. They have a high level of willpower and initiative. Cholerics can be intense and tend to be aggressive. Also, cholerics may be prone to fits of anger and irritability, especially when their goals or plans are disrupted. They may also be more prone to stress and anxiety than some other temperament types. 

Choleric has increased mobility of nervous processes, which, combined with certain conditions of upbringing, formed such a character. Their tendency to express aggression is determined by the high mobility of nervous processes, the possibility of rapid response. Therefore, it is possible to treat this feature of them with understanding.

In relationships, choleric people usually like to be in the role of leader, it is important for them to control the situation. To successfully communicate with a choleric, it is important to take into account his need for respect and independence. And honesty and directness are key elements of communication with them.

In work, choleric people are usually hardworking, strive to achieve goals and are not afraid to take risks. Supporting their initiatives is very important to them, as well as giving them opportunities to show leadership skills. However, choleric people can sometimes be overconfident and lack patience, so it is important to help them control their emotions and remind them to express ideas and opinions constructively. 

Monotonous work quickly tires choleric, as their nervous system for normal work requires a frequent change of impressions.

Melancholic

Weak type.

Characterized by weakness of both excitable and inhibitory processes, restrained, vulnerable, impressionable, prone to constant experiencing even insignificant events, shy. Melancholic has weak, unstable nervous system, but, unlike the choleric, tends to extremely long retain what has impressed him. Slowly withdraws from the experience; what impressed him, can bother him for a long time. Non-stress-resistant, nervous, tends to experience in himself, rather than spill emotions outward, because introvertion. Needs solitude to recharge. Prone to sadness. He is characterized by inertness of the nervous system, weakness of excitation and inhibition processes in their unbalanced, hypersensitivity and high reactivity of the psyche. A person of melancholic temperament can be characterized as easily wounded, inclined to deeply experience even minor difficulties and failures, but outwardly sluggishly reacting to the surrounding. Melancholics are also characterized by the prevalence of depressed mood and weakness of volitional activity, manifested, for example, in insecurity and indecisiveness. 

Melancholic is a type of temperament characterized by increased emotional sensitivity, vulnerability, a tendency to deep experience and reflection, as well as to alienation and isolation. Melancholics are characterized by a slow course of mental processes, a tendency to anxiety and pessimism. 

The main characteristics of a melancholic:

• High emotional sensitivity: Melancholics feel strongly about even minor events, are easily offended and vulnerable. 

• Deep anxieties:They tend to introspect and ponder the meaning of life, often immersed in their thoughts. 

• Introversion: Melancholics prefer quiet and secluded environments; they are energized when alone. 

• Anxiety and pessimism: Melancholics are often prone to anxiety and negative moods. 

• Slow mental processes: They may have difficulty making decisions and adapting to new situations. 

Strengths: Creativity: Melancholics are highly creative and can excel in artistic and scientific fields. Depth of Experience: They are able to understand and feel the world on a deeper level than other temperament types. Impeccability and neatness: Melancholics are often very neat and attentive to detail. Sincerity and tactfulness: They communicate with others with great care and tact. 

Weaknesses: Increased vulnerability: They have a hard time with conflict and failure, which can have a negative impact on their mental health. Difficulty in communication: They may have difficulty socializing with others as they prefer solitude. Rapid fatigue: Melancholics tire quickly from vigorous activity and need rest. Increased anxiety and tendency to pessimism: They may have difficulty making decisions and adapting to new situations.

Melancholics are usually characterized by high sensitivity, introversion and strong emotional development. They tend to think deeply, have a creative bent and experience emotions on a deeper level. Melancholics often strive for perfection and may exhibit a tendency towards melancholy and melancholic moods. They experience failure quite severely, but they don't always show it. Criticism, especially unjustified and expressed in a harsh form, can deeply hurt a melancholic and lead to an emotional breakdown. Melancholics are tidy, beauty-loving, sensitive, fair, and make loyal friends. However, they can also easily fall into despondency, be naively idealistic, capricious, vindictive, prone to perfectionism. Because of their sensitivity and demanding nature, it can be difficult to build a relationship with a melancholic, but if you know their strengths and weaknesses, you can reach an understanding with them that will help in both work relationships and family life.

Signs of a melancholic:

• Self-immersion. Melancholics are usually deeply withdrawn and focused on their feelings and experiences.

• Tendency to ponder. They are often immersed in their thoughts and can be dreamy. Example: after watching a movie, they ponder the plot and morals for a long time, trying to find a deeper meaning.

• Sensitivity. Melancholics are easily vulnerable, they are sensitive to criticism. Example: if a melancholic is criticized, he will make the opponent an enemy, even if the criticism was constructive.

• Loyalty. They are loyal to their friends and family, and expect the same loyalty in return.

• Cautiousness. Melancholics usually carefully consider all decisions and do not tend to act impulsively.

• Tendency toward pessimism. They may tend to take a pessimistic view of life and often expect the worst. Example: even after getting a promotion at work, they start worrying about new responsibilities and possible stress instead of being excited.

• Exposure to anxiety. Often worried and anxious about various occasions. Example: before any activity or event, often worry, fret and think about all sorts of negative scenarios.

• Scrupulousness. They are attentive to details and prefer to finish what they have started until the end.

• Tendency to introversion. Melancholics usually prefer solitude or socializing in a small circle of very close friends.

• Empathy. They deeply empathize with others.

• A Melancholic is a trustworthy friend or partner who values long-lasting and deep connections. This ability to understand and feel the emotions of others makes the melancholic an excellent listener and conversationalist.

• They prefer to act thoughtfully, which can help them avoid unnecessary mistakes. Their emotional world is rich and multifaceted, and they make excellent artists, writers or musicians.

• A tendency toward pessimism can make it difficult to interact with optimistic people or adapt to new life changes.

• They tend to worry frequently, which can lead to stress and other psychological problems. This can affect their health or quality of life, provoke insomnia.

• While introversion is not always a disadvantage, in some situations melancholics may feel uncomfortable socially and avoid socializing. Melancholics have a hard time letting go of old grudges or mistakes, worrying about them for a long time.

• Striving for perfection creates undue pressure on themselves, as they often set very high standards for themselves.

How to behave with a melancholic: 

• be patient

Melancholics can take a long time to think about their words and actions before responding or doing something. When you communicate with a melancholic, have patience and give them time to think.

• Listen carefully

They can be very emotional in their expressions. It is important to listen carefully to a melancholic and show with words and gestures that you understand their feelings.

• Respect his or her space

Melancholics can be jealously protective of their privacy and space. They may feel uncomfortable if you violate their boundaries. When you communicate with a melancholic, don't insist on anything that may make him uncomfortable.

• Be honest

Melancholics value honesty and directness in communication. They do not like secrecy and word games. Do not be afraid to express your opinion, but do it tactfully and respectfully.

• Support

Melancholics are more prone to bouts of loneliness than other temperament types and need support and understanding. Show them your support and care. Support them in difficult times and help them find the positive aspects of life.

Show sensitivity and gentleness in communication. Avoid criticizing your partner's personality, convey your needs in the form of “I-messages”. Do not judge and do not try to correct his mood, do not call for positivity - this will cause him rather a feeling of guilt. Rather, help him/her to switch to a topic or activity that is interesting to him/her.

Your friend/partner may not always be able to admit how much he needs your support, but he does need it. Melancholics often suffer from low self-esteem and insecurity, so being emotionally available, cheering him up, reminding him of his strengths is one of the best strategies. Support your partner in his aspirations, help him to see and discover his capabilities.

Respect the fact that your friend or partner has periods when he or she needs to be alone to regain energy, which he or she doesn't have a lot of. If he is immersed in his worries, don't immediately try to fix, advise, or solve anything. Just let him know that you will be there for him if he needs it. 

Increased sensitivity and vulnerability, often combined with anxiety - the main features of people of this type of temperament. “Takes everything too close to the heart”, ‘easily upset over nothing’, ‘prone to dramatize’ - this is how they are often described by people close to them. Due to strong emotional reactions, personal relationships (love, friendship) with melancholics can be very difficult. “Unfortunately, in a society where a positive view of the world and a positive environment is widely promoted, it is the melancholics who have the hardest time, they can be easily and often unfairly accused of “toxicity”, “negativism”, “victim position”.

Working relationships:

First of all, it is important to remember that due to the peculiarities of the nervous system, people with this type of temperament are not characterized by a high level of energy and quickly lose it. Therefore, it is very important for them to have a comfortable working space with a minimum of external stimuli. In addition, the peculiarities of the nervous system in this type of temperament does not allow you to work with an excessive degree of load (including emotional), in conditions of constant stress, irregular working hours, multitasking. This will inevitably lead to exhaustion, burnout, nervous breakdowns.

• Do not distract your colleague if he is working on a task - it will be difficult for him to immerse himself in his work again, so he reacts painfully to interruptions.

• Your coworker may seem overly withdrawn and taciturn, sometimes even arrogant. In fact, it is likely that he just needs more time to build contact, as well as more personal space.

• Since melancholics are excessively hurt by any criticism, feedback will be received more constructively if it is given in a personal conversation (not in the presence of other employees), if specific actions of the employee are evaluated rather than the personality as a whole, and if his/her strengths and efforts are emphasized.

• Such an employee will perform best where neatness, structure, consistency, in-depth analysis, and attention to detail are required.

Sanguine

Strong balanced mobile type.

Аgile, lively, easily experiencing failure, eager to change impressions. Possesses expressive facial expressions. Productive in work when it is interesting to him. Sanguine has very mobile nervous system, but stable. Optimistic, stress-resistant. Requires communication with people. Quick to switch. Sanguine is a personality characterized by high mental activity, vigor, efficiency, quickness and vividness of movements, variety and richness of facial expressions, fast pace of speech. Sanguine tends to frequent change of impressions, easily and quickly responds to surrounding events, sociable. Emotions in the sanguine are predominantly positive, they quickly arise and quickly change. He quickly adapts to new conditions, he is characterized by expressiveness, but sometimes fickleness.

Sanguine is one of the four types of temperament in the classification of Hippocrates, which is characterized by high mobility, sociability, optimism and ease of adaptation to new conditions. Sanguines are energetic, cheerful people who like variety and change. 

The main characteristics of a sanguine:

• High mental activity: Sanguine people react quickly to surrounding events, easily and quickly switch between different activities. 

• Sociability: They like to socialize with people, easily find common language and establish contacts. 

• Optimism: Sanguine people are usually positive, not afraid of difficulties and easily cope with stressful situations. 

• Ease of adaptation: They adapt quickly to new environments, changes and cope well with stress. 

• Diversity: Sanguine people are eager for new things, love change and dislike monotonous work. 

• Emotionality: They show vivid emotions and change their moods easily. 

Strengths: Activity and optimism: Sanguine people can be good leaders and inspire others. Ability to adapt: They can easily cope with change and readjust to new circumstances. Positivity: Their optimism and energy can improve the mood of those around them. Ease of Communication: Sanguine people are excellent communicators and find it easy to connect with people.  

Weaknesses: Sanguine people can quickly lose interest in things or people they have started. Impulsiveness: Sometimes they may act without thinking through the consequences. Tendency toward superficiality: They may not be very deep in their interests and relationships. Vulnerability to other people's influence: Sanguine people can easily fall under the influence of others.

Overall, sanguine is a personality type with bright traits and great potential, but it is important to understand and consider its characteristics to achieve harmony in life. Sanguine people tend to be energetic, outgoing and optimistic people. They have a high level of activity and enthusiasm and like to be the center of attention. Sanguine people usually adapt quickly to new situations and easily find common language with other people. For a person with this type of temperament is very important new impressions, and he will strive to constantly get them in any available way. Such people are very sociable, easily come into contact with others. In some cases, this temperament leads to superficiality of interests, lack of focus on a subject, overly hasty actions.

Sanguine is a personality type characterized by vigor, poise, optimism, endurance and the ability to adapt quickly. These people are sociable, enthusiastic, like to try new things and dive headlong into various hobbies. Sanguine for the most part extroverts, it is difficult for them to stay without communication for a long time, although alone with themselves they will feel comfortable.

Sanguine people are quite resistant to stress, flexible and optimistic. In a company, this will be the person who is more likely to be in the center of attention rather than on the sidelines. They are energetic, bright people.

Sanguine characteristics:

• Charisma and sociability. They are able to communicate for a long time and with interest, like to joke, are characterized by active facial expressions and gestures. Can lead, attract, lead and become authoritative persons for other people.

• Workability. Sanguine sanguine enduring nervous system and good adaptability. In the team such a person is unlikely to remain a gray cardinal, as, for example, phlegmatic. He likes to work in a team and take on active roles.

• Emotionality. Sanguines react vividly to what is happening. Their emotions are bright, instantaneous, quickly passing. They are characterized by impermanence and expressiveness.

• Thirst for activity. Sanguine needs a change of impressions, it is difficult for him to sit still.

• Rationality. Despite the active emotions, sanguine soberly thinks, his actions are logical, there is no conflict between reason and feelings.

• Optimism. Sanguine tries to look for the good sides of any situation. These people are not conflictual, rarely get involved in disputes, preferring to turn the situation into a joke.

• Superficiality. Sanguines are often enthusiastic about new things and topics, but may not bring them to completion if there is not enough motivation.

• Egocentrism. Sanguine tend to pull the blanket over themselves. Their life is full of impressions that want to share with others, whose feelings may go unnoticed.

• Insatiability. Sanguine is difficult to concentrate and immerse in routine processes. He often shifts his attention to other things. It is important for sanguine people to create a playful environment for learning, otherwise they are constantly distracted. At the same time, they are able to turn this disadvantage into a plus by learning to delegate uninteresting tasks.

• Excessive optimism. This seemingly obvious plus, in fact, can be a minus: sanguine begin to be perceived as unserious people. And when the constant jokes added to the excessive egocentrism, it is even more difficult for others to establish contact with them.

Sanguine people exhibit the following characteristics:

speak quickly, brightly, figuratively, with emotions and gestures. They can interrupt the interlocutor, quickly move from one topic to another, turn a lot of things into a joke;

easily enter into conversation with strangers, show interest in their lives, share their impressions and plans. They strive for leadership and influence in the group, can be charismatic and persuasive;

are friendly and responsive, loyal and tolerant of others. Are able to find compromises, settle conflicts and maintain a good mood in the group. This does not mean that sanguine do not feel sadness, anger or envy, but they are more resilient and faster to adapt to change than representatives of other types;

open to new information, knowledge, experience. Sanguine most often think rationally, are characterized by high stress resistance and are able to solve problems constructively. They can be talented in different areas, but do not always achieve high results due to the fact that it is difficult for them to keep their attention on one thing for a long time.

One of the sanguine's most pronounced qualities is impermanence. In combination with adaptability, it allows him to quickly switch focus not only between processes, but also in relationships. This person is unlikely to be long worried about the breakup, he easily makes new acquaintances and just as easy to say goodbye to people, if there is no deep attachment. Sanguine like to experiment, enthusiastically throw themselves into adventures, so the relationship with them will be saturated. If you are a supporter of a quiet pastime and do not like noisy companies, you will be difficult with a partner-sanguine, who does not miss parties. At the same time, he is optimistic and peaceful, so the couple often reigns peace and harmony, likes to give gifts and make surprises.

Sanguine people are quite easy to negotiate with. They are active people who need to get new experiences, so it is more likely to be an eventful and emotional life together, rather than quiet monotonous evenings.

Sanguine at work:

People with this temperament type are motivated by praise and recognition. If they are not, sanguine can lose interest in the process. At the same time, they are hardworking and are ready to fully invest in the work, it is important only to direct their energy in the right direction. Perseverance is developed through interest in the case, and multitasking allows you to switch between processes and do more in less time.

Sanguine good organizational skills, in addition, they easily infect enthusiasm of others, such a person will easily motivate the team. He is suitable for active professions related to communication, it is unlikely that sanguine will be comfortable sitting over papers without communication.

Sanguine workability does not depend on external factors, he can focus on the process, if it does not require scrupulousness and routine. Ideally, if the tasks will be varied and interesting - without a change of impressions sanguine is quite difficult to do the same thing. It is important for him to learn new things, immerse himself in the topic, search and analyze information, involve other people.

A sanguine person can be an excellent worker. He is a stress-resistant person, active and willing to propose or support new ideas. At the same time, it can be difficult for him to do the same thing day after day, year after year.

Friendship with a sanguine person is a carnival. He always has a lot of new ideas, so you will not meet at the same time and go to familiar places. Sanguines are easy going, happy to accept and generate new ideas. In most cases, they have adequate (rarely inflated) self-esteem, gladly gather large groups of friends, joke a lot. Communicative and oratorical abilities allow them to make acquaintances, make the soul of the company. Sanguine speaks a lot about himself, but he is maximally empathic.

Sanguine - sociable, energetic and cheerful type of temperament. As a rule, it is an attractive and uncommon personality, which allows him to easily find a common language with a variety of people. 

Phlegmatic

Strong balanced inert type.

Calm, slow, difficult to switch from one activity to another, stable and constant in aspirations and mood, stingy on the manifestation of emotions. Phlegmatic characterized by a stable nervous system and weak reactions to stimuli. Does not like to rush. Sedentary, stress-resistant. Сapable of monotonous work. Tends to be low-emotional and relaxed. A person of phlegmatic temperament can be characterized as calm, with stable aspirations and more or less constant mood, with a weak external expression of mental states. Such people have a reliable memory and tend to make thoughtful, balanced and non-risky decisions. Phlegmatic prevails even mood, his feelings and emotions are usually characterized by constancy. Phlegmatic difficult to switch from one type of activity to another and adapts to a new environment. Characteristic of the fact that new forms of behavior in phlegmatic are developed slowly, but long retained. He rarely gets out of temper, not prone to conflict, he is characterized by restraint, sometimes lethargy, indifference to others, laziness. 

Phlegmatic is a person of calm, balanced temperament, characterized by slowness, low emotional reaction and resistance to stress. This is one of the four types of temperament described in the classical psychology of Hippocrates. 

Phlegmatic is characterized by the following traits:

• Calmness and poise: A calm person who is not prone to sudden emotional outbursts. 

• Slowness: A phlegmatic's actions and reactions tend to be slower than those of other temperament types. 

• Resistance to stress: Phlegmatics are less sensitive to stress than other types. 

• Introversion: Often less social and prefer solitude. 

• Sedentary: Calmness allows phlegmatics to work effectively in environments that require focus. 

• Reliability and Responsibility: Phlegmatics tend to be reliable and responsible in their work. 

• Low Emotionality: Rarely show strong emotions, preferring a calm and even state of mind. 

• Difficulty in adapting to new environments: Transitioning to new situations and environments can take longer for a phlegmatic than for other types. Phlegmatic is a personality type that values stability and predictability. Sanguines are energetic extroverts who like to be the center of attention and easily find contact with people, but have low sensitivity.

Phlegmatic usually show themselves as calm, reserved and judicious people. They are not subject to sudden mood swings, tend to stability and prefer to plan their actions in advance. Phlegmatics often show patience and poise.

Such people are not prone to experiencing strong emotions, remain unperturbed almost always, their mood is characterized by evenness. A person with this type of temperament is committed to constancy in everything, so it is not easy to switch from one type of activity to another and adapt to changing environmental conditions, it will take a long time to be included in a new situation.

Phlegmatic - is one of the four personality types in the classification of Hippocrates. It is characterized by calmness, prudence, stable mood, even, weakly expressed in the outside world emotions. Most phlegmatic - introverts, but they get along well with people due to the calm character, patience and non-conflict. They have a smooth, often slow speech and minimal gesticulation, in words and actions manifested measured, in the work - diligence and perseverance.

Phlegmatic can give the impression of disinterested and low-initiative person, but in fact is characterized by the ability to methodically follow the intended purpose and wait for the right moment. A person with this type of temperament prefers routine to active pastime and concentrates interests around the home and family, not particularly eager to “go out in the world.

Phlegmatic:

• Calm, stable, slow. Phlegmatic is not distinguished by the sharpness of movements, his behavior is predictable, he is in no hurry;

• introvert. Contrary to popular stereotype, it is not a recluse, avoiding people. He simply prefers a narrow circle of communication, does not tend to the crowd and is not prone to meaningless chatter;

• is characterized by a strong, inert type of nervous system. He is balanced, non-expressive, thinks over words and decisions, avoids risks;

• he has a stable mood. This does not mean that phlegmatic does not react to vivid life situations, but from the outside you are unlikely to see a wide range of emotions;

• habits and forms of behavior develop slowly; phlegmatic is difficult to adapt to a new environment. But they are fixed well and for a long time: if such a person mastered in the team, he will remain in it as a guarantor of stability;

• is prone to constancy. Phlegmatic are often conservative: they are more comfortable to develop in proven areas, communicate with familiar people and do not seek novelty;

• with difficulty switching from one type of activity to another. Multitasking mode phlegmatic contraindicated, so he quickly exhausted.

If you want to establish contact with phlegmatic, do not expect from him a bright expression of feelings, initiative and quick reactions.

Phlegmatics are usually calm and reserved: such people are often called conservatives, but their conservatism is manifested not so much in stereotypical behavior as in following their own rules, developed in the process of life for convenience. They are characterized by a high degree of patience, passive adaptability - where adaptation occurs by adjusting to circumstances rather than influencing them - and a relatively slow rate of reaction.

General recommendations for a comfortable and productive interaction with phlegmatics:

• Be patient and understanding, do not force them to be active or emotional. Yes, it is characteristic of them to maintain external composure, but this does not mean that they do not feel anything.

• Respect their need for stability and offer a predictable schedule or plan.

• Take into account their slow reaction time and don't give them too many urgent tasks.

• Don't expect them to make decisions quickly. Give them a chance to weigh the pros and cons.

Phlegmatics cope well with routine tasks, as they are able to focus on one thing and bring it to an end. As a rule, these people are very organized, methodical and stable. They avoid conflict and usually work well in a team. That said, they can be quite slow when it comes to making decisions or completing tasks. Give phlegmatic people enough time and space to analyze everything carefully and make a decision.

Phlegmatic - a person with a strong nervous system and tolerance to stress: “He will not get involved in gossip and conflict, react emotionally. These are calm, quiet people, “gray cardinals”, they will not openly argue and swear, raise your voice. Phlegmatics well withstand heavy loads, irregular working hours, will not complain. They are restrained and in the manifestation of positive emotions, as if nothing can bring them out of themselves. In the collective phlegmatic may try to provoke, but he will not become involved, will keep a distance. This is a very comfortable employees

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