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procedures was observed to be 92 per cent in a Norwegian study of 516 participants.33 However, slightly lower levels of satisfaction 27 Constantian MB (2012) What motivates secondary rhinoplasty? A study of 150 consecutive patients Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 130(3): 667-78. 28 Veale D (2000) Outcome of cosmetic surgery and ‘DIY’ surgery in patients with body dysmorphic disorder The Psychiatrist 24(6): 218-20. 29 Braun T, Hainzinger T, Stelter K et al. (2010) Health-related quality of life, patient benefit, and clinical outcome after otoplasty using suture techniques in 62 children and adults Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 126(6): 2115-24. 30 Hao W, Chorney JM, Bezuhly M, Wilson K, and Hong P (2013) Analysis of health-related quality-oflife outcomes and their predictive factors in pediatric patients who undergo otoplasty Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 132(5): 811e-7e. 31 Stellingsma K, Bouma J, Stegenga B, Meijer HJA, and Raghoebar GM (2003) Satisfaction and psychosocial aspects of patients with an extremely resorbed mandible treated with implant-retained overdentures Clinical oral implants research 14(2): 166-72. 32 Türker N, Varol A, Ögel K, and Basa S (2008) Perceptions of preoperative expectations and postoperative outcomes from orthognathic surgery: Part I: Turkish female patients International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 37(8): 710-5. 33 Espeland L, Høgevold HE, and Stenvik A (2008) A 3-year patient-centred follow-up of 516 consecutively treated orthognathic surgery patients The European Journal of Orthodontics 30(1): 24- 30. 9 were identified by a study of 68 participants who had undergone surgery for cleft palates found that 58 per cent weren’t satisfied with the results of the treatment.34 Abdominal surgery, fat transfer, and liposuction Few studies identified by this review consider satisfaction rates among recipients of abdominal surgery (abdominoplasty), autologous fat transfer, or liposuction. However, of those identified, high levels of satisfaction are reported: for example, a US study of 209 recipients found that 80 per cent of liposuction participants were satisfied with the results of the procedure.35 Similarly, a small-scale study of 23 body contouring recipients also concluded, generally, that the procedure “lead to high and durable patient satisfaction”. 36 Satisfaction with the treatment was also observed to be at 85 per cent for a group of 215 Italian women who had undergone autologous fat transfer.37 Satisfaction rates were also measured by a UK study of 118 abdominoplasty patients: researchers found that, over a five-year period,38 76 per cent of female respondents were satisfied with the procedure; whereas 100 per cent of men in the study stated that they were either happy or very happy.39 Further, even with a high rate of complications (27%), abdominoplasty and mammoplasty following bariatric surgery also received high levels of recipient satisfaction: one study suggests that 67 per cent were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery, which “provided them with a noticeable improvement of quality of life.”40 Genital procedures Again, high rates of satisfaction are noted in the literature for procedures that focus on genital areas. For example, a post-operative questionnaire completed by 166 women two weeks after they had undergone labia minora or clitoral hood reduction (out of an original sample of 407 patients) assessed their satisfaction by using a satisfaction scale rating from one to ten. The authors found that the average score across the 34 Marcusson A, Paulin G, and Östrup L (2002) Facial appearance in adults who had cleft lip and palate treated in childhood Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery 36(1): 16-23. 35 Broughton G, Horton B, Lipschitz A et al. (2006) Lifestyle outcomes, satisfaction, and attitudes of patients after liposuction: a Dallas experience Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 117(6): 1738-49. 36 Tremp M, Delko T, Kraljević M et al. (2015) Outcome in body-contouring surgery after massive weight loss: a prospective matched single-blind study Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 68(10): 1410-6. 37 Rusciani Scorza A, Rusciani Scorza L, Troccola A et al. (2012) Autologous fat transfer for face rejuvenation with tumescent technique fat harvesting and saline washing: a report of 215 cases Dermatology 224(3): 244-50. 38 See section below on further exploration as to whether satisfaction with the results of cosmetic procedure lasts over time. 39 Bragg TWH, Jose RM, and Srivastava S (2007) Patient satisfaction following abdominoplasty: an NHS experience Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 60(1): 75-8. 40 van der Beek EJ, te Riele W, Specken T, Boerma D, and van Ramshorst B (2010) The impact of reconstructive procedures following bariatric surgery on patient well-being and quality of life Obesity Surgery 20(1): 36-41. 10 respondents was 9.2 (although clearly this does not account for the views of the 241 women who chose not to respond to the questionnaire).41 Similarly high rates of satisfaction were observed in a study of 124 women who had undergone various types of FGCS: 118 (95%) were happy, and four (3.2%) were very happy, with their postoperative appearance (two women were unhappy with their postoperative appearance).42 A US study of 258 women who had undergone 341
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