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The influence of body weight and shape in determining female and male physical attractiveness. In: Kindes MV, editor. Body Image: New Research. New York: Nova Biomedical Books; 2006. pp. 33–61. [Google Scholar]2. Swami V. Perceptions of female body weight and shape among indigenous and urban Europeans. Scand J Psychol. 2007;48:43–50. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]3. Swami V, Furnham A. The Psychology of Physical Attraction. London: Routledge; 2008. [Google Scholar]4. Langlois JH, Kalakanis LE, Rubenstein AJ, Larson AD, Hallam MJ, Smoot MT. Maxims and myths of beauty: A meta-analytic and theoretic review. Psychol Bull. 2000;126:390–423. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]5. Brown A, Furnham A, Glanville L, Swami V. Factors that affect the likelihood of undergoing cosmetic surgery. Aesthet Surg J. 2007;27:501–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]6. Swami V, Arteche A, Chamorro-Premuzic T, et al. Looking good: Factors affecting the likelihood of having cosmetic surgery. Eur J Plast Surg. 2008;30:211–18. [Google Scholar]7. Swami V, Chamorro-Premuzic T, Bridges S, Furnham A. Acceptance of cosmetic surgery: Personality and individual difference predictors. Body Image. 2009;6:7–13. [PubMed] [Google School AbstractAnal canal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) with pagetoid spread (PS) is a rare disease, and its treatment strategy remains unclear. The prognosis of anal canal NEC with PS is poor. Resection margin status is very important for anorectal carcinoma because it affects survival. When accompanied by PS, the defect of the resulting perineal wound following radical surgical intervention may be necessarily enlarged to ensure the appropriate margin status. This case report discusses the treatment of a patient with advanced anal canal NEC with PS, inguinal lymph node metastasis and sphincter infiltration in which total pelvic exenteration with plastic surgery was successfully performed. The plastic surgery incorporated a gracilis muscle flap that was useful for the reconstruction of the enlarged perineal defect.Topic: carcinoma, neuroendocrinenecrotizing enterocolitisneoplasm metastasispelvic exenterationanogenital regionreconstructive surgical proceduressurgical procedures, operativeplastic surgery specialtyplastic surgery proceduresanal carcinomalymph nodes, inguinalanal canalgracilis flapsurgical marginsrare diseasessphincter Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is an extremely rare form of anal cancer. elective course of study rests with the student. The electives chosen may be any of those formally listed in the elective book and in the catalog, or they may be developed on an individual basis with members of the faculty at Hopkins or elsewhere (approval of the Associate Dean for Medical Student Affairs is required for elective work carried out at other institutions). Only those electives which are considered to be a sound educational experience whether taken at Hopkins or at another institution will be approved. The Associate Dean and Assistant Deans for Medical Student Affairs will be glad to help with arrangements for electives in other institutions. Remember that at least 15.5 weeks/605 hours (11.5 weeks/449 hours for the Classes of 2021 and 2022) must be taken with Johns Hopkins faculty. Electives are an integral part of the required curriculum and students must register at the Registrar's Office for programs of study. Evaluation of the student's performance must be provided by the faculty preceptor. ADJUSTMENTS DUE TO GLOBAL COVID-19 PANDEMIC JHUSOM medical students converted to a Block schedule in summer 2020 due to curriculum changes necessitated by the global COVID-19 pandemic. During AY2020-2021 we operated on a block calendar where a half block (3-3.5 weeks in length) is equivalent to a half quarter (4-4.5 weeks). Specific questions about the academic calendar, quarter, or block schedule can be directed to medstddsk@jhmi.edu for JH medical students or vismed@jhmi.edu for visiting medical students. BASIC DEFINITIONS AND RULES The following information is made as complete as possible to assist in planning an elective program. Definitions of Terms Used in Guidelines: Home Department: any officially designated department of the Johns Hopkins University, including the Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Homewood Schools. Faculty Preceptor: a faculty member who supervises an elective offering. In general, a faculty preceptor will have the rank of assistant professor or higher. The faculty preceptor will also be responsible for providing an evaluation of the student's work at the end of the elective period. Internship Advisor: a faculty member assigned by a department to provide information about internships in the department and elsewhere. Although not directly responsible for electives, internship advisors are a valuable additional resource in planning a student's course of action. Internship advisors are listed at the end of these guidelines. 2 GUIDELINES, RULES AND PROCEDURES FOR ELECTIVES Activities Recommended as Electives: Elective credit will be given for a program of study that is considered by a faculty member to be a valuable intellectual experience and is approved by the department chairperson. Such activities may include advanced clerkships, individually arranged laboratory or clinical research, or advanced elective courses. Students may also undertake projects of their own within the framework of the laboratory or clinical activities of a home department so long as a faculty member approves it. However, unstructured, and unsupervised attendance at seminars and conferences is not acceptable for elective credit. Research Electives: Research electives are arranged between the student and a faculty preceptor. No specific period of time need be spent on a project, but many faculty preceptors feel that a profitable research experience requires at least one full quarter (nine weeks). Students who undertake research during an elective quarter may also do some clinical work and attend conferences or seminars in any department if approved by their Faculty Preceptor. Other Activities in the Home Department: During an elective period, students are considered junior members of the home department. As such, they are expected to participate in department conferences and other activities. Their role should be that of an active contributor rather than a passive observer. Electives Other Academic Institutions: Elective study at other institutions must be approved by the Associate Dean for Medical Student Affairs. A letter of acceptance must be obtained from the sponsor at the outside institution and submitted along with the student's elective registration form and a list of goals and objectives. Assistance in arranging for electives elsewhere is also available in the Office of Medical Student Affairs. In general, externships or clinical clerkships at hospitals not directly affiliated with a medical school will not be approved. Evaluation of Performance during an Elective: Faculty Preceptors will submit an evaluation and characterization of each student's performance at the end of each elective experience. Satisfactory completion of an elective is required in order to receive credit toward the M.D. degree. Stipends for Elective Activities: Students may apply toward meeting the required 24.5 weeks/955 hours no more than 13.5 (10.5 weeks for Classes of 2021 and 2022) weeks of credit for which they also receive remuneration. Excluded from this limitation are prizes and merit awards (e.g., the Denison Scholarships). However, it is recognized that some sources of funding may prohibit award of academic credit. Vacation: The curriculum provides flexibility in scheduling vacation periods. FORMS AND ASSOCIATED DEADLINES AND RULES Students must complete a registration
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