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completed an extended plastic surgery residency at the renowned Scott and White Hospital at Texas A&M in Temple, Texas. His extensive surgical training has afforded him the ability to diagnose and treat a broad range of both cosmetic and reconstructive procedures, including intricate hand surgery. Dr. Dulin has surgical privileges at The Medical Center of Plano, Presbyterian Hospital of Plano, Baylor Medical Center of Frisco, among other hospitals in North Dallas. He has been living and practicing in the Plano area for over eight years, and takes pride in providing each individual with customized assessment, as well as treating him or her with the highest degree of excellence in patient care. Dr. Alan Dulin is board-certified in plastic and cosmetic surgery by the American Board of Plastic Surgery. PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES AND MEMBERSHIPS: • The American Medical Association • The Texas Medical Association • The Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons • The American Society of Plastic Surgeons Dr. Scott Harris is a native of Dallas, Texas. He is a Magna Cum Laude graduate of Texas A&M University and received his medical degree from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Dallas. Dr. Harris completed his general surgery residency in Phoenix, Arizona. Subsequently he accepted a plastic surgery residency at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, a renowned program recognized as a leader and pioneer in the field of plastic surgery. His life-long appreciation of art has a strong influence on his surgical career as human art form. Dr. Harris, his wife, and their three children live in North Dallas. He balances his busy surgery schedule with an active family life. Behind his easy-going smile and gentle demeanor is a man who is an artist, an athlete, and speaks 6 languages. He is also an avid golfer. A published author with numerous articles in professional medical journals on such topics as breast reconstruction, micromastia, jaw reconstruction and reconstruction of the nose, Dr. Harris has presented at local, state and national meetings and symposiums on plastic surgery techniques. Dr. Scott Harris is board-certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery and is co-founder of the American Institute For Plastic Surgery. PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES AND MEMBERSHIPS: • American Board of Plastic Surgery • American Society of Plastic Surgeons • American Board of Surgery • The Board Certified Plastic and Cosmetic Surgeons of Dallas • Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons • Fellow of the American College of Surgeons Raised in Texas, Dr. Raphael’s father is a retired physician and his mother was an artist. The combination of these two influences made a career in plastic surgery a natural choice for Dr. Raphael, where art and medicine blend together. After earning his under graduate degree from The University of Dallas, Dr. Raphael received his medical training at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Dallas. Following medical school, he remained in Dallas for his general surgery residency. Dr. Raphael completed his residency in plastic surgery at the University of Illinois. After finishing his training, he returned to Texas where he has been in private practice in Plano since 1992 Plastic Surgery: A New Dimension to Face Recognition R. Singh, Member, IEEE, M. Vatsa, Member, IEEE, H. S. Bhatt, S. Bharadwaj, A. Noore, Member, IEEE and S. S. Nooreyezdan Abstract—Advancement and affordability is leading to popularity of plastic surgery procedures. Facial plastic surgery can be reconstructive to correct facial feature anomalies or cosmetic to improve the appearance. Both corrective as well as cosmetic surgeries alter the original facial information to a great extent thereby posing a great challenge for face recognition algorithms. The contribution of this research is (i) preparing a face database of 900 individuals for plastic surgery, and (ii) providing an analytical and experimental underpinning of the effect of plastic surgery on face recognition algorithms. The results on the plastic surgery database suggest that it is an arduous research challenge and the current state-ofart face recognition algorithms are unable to provide acceptable levels of identification performance. Therefore, it is imperative to initiate a research effort so that future face recognition systems will be able to address this important problem. Index Terms—Face recognition, Plastic surgery. I. INTRODUCTION T HE allure for plastic surgery is experienced world-wide and is driven by factors such as the availability of advanced technology, affordable cost and the speed with which these procedures are performed. Facial plastic surgery is generally used for correcting feature defects or improving the appearance, for example, removing birth marks, moles, scars and correcting disfiguring defects. According to the recent statistics released by The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery for year 2008 [1]: • Every year, millions of American individuals undergo cosmetic plastic surgery. There has been an increase of about 162% in the total number of plastic surgeries from 1997 to 2008. • In 2008 alone, more than one million facial plastic surgeries were performed and most common surgical procedures were Liposuction, Blepharoplasty, Rhinoplasty, Chemical peel and Laser skin resurfacing. • It is expected that 40% women and
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