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fellows to train in the multidisciplinary care of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone tumors. Two fellows per year are accepted for the fellowship, which lasts one or two years. The first year focuses on clinical work and the optional second year is primarily research. Since 1999, 34 fellows have graduated from the program. Orthopaedic Oncology also sponsors the annual MD Anderson Musculoskeletal Pathology Course. This national course provides an in-depth review of musculoskeletal diagnoses and treatment options. Neurosurgical Oncology Fellowship: Shaan Raza, M.D., assistant professor of Neurosurgery, directs the country’s largest neurosurgical oncology fellowship. More than 80 fellows have completed the program since 1991. Fellows are exposed to a variety of cases and have access to the Microsurgical and Endoscopic Center for Clinical Applications (MECCA) Laboratory. This state-of-the-art lab contains OR-caliber equipment and has hosted 49 courses since it opened in January 2012. Surgical Oncology Fellowships: Our Surgical Oncology department has numerous exceptional fellowships. Its hallmark Complex General Surgical Oncology Fellowship is a two- to three-year program and hosts seven new fellows each year. It is directed by Elizabeth Grubbs, M.D., associate professor of Surgical Oncology, and has graduated 264 fellows since 1989. The Hepato-PancreatoBiliary Surgery Fellowship launched in 2013 and is directed by Thomas Aloia, M.D., associate professor of Surgical Oncology, and has six graduates to date; the Surgical Endocrinology Fellowship is directed by Nancy Perrier, M.D., professor of Surgical Oncology, and has 11 graduates since its inception in 2009; and four fellows have completed the new International Surgical Oncology Fellowship, also directed by Aloia, and established in 2013. The department also has a grant to train eight academic surgical oncologists each year in cancer research. Finally, it has surgery residents from six Houston programs who rotate through its services each year and medical students who rotate through monthly. Thoracic Surgery Fellowship: The Thoracic Surgery fellowship is a collaboration between MD Anderson and the University of Texas-Health Science Center at Houston. The BUILDING THE NEXT GENERATION OF ONCOLOGY SURGEONS 8 MD Anderson Cancer Center program provides a balanced education in the treatment of cardiovascular, esophageal, pulmonary and other thoracic diseases. The fellowship is a two-year curriculum with two training tracks — general thoracic surgery and cardiothoracic surgery. We are currently approved to train one individual in each track per year. It is one of the most competitive training programs in the country, attracting up to three-quarters of the nation’s applicants each year. It has had 20 graduates. Urologic Oncology Fellowship Program: Started in the late 1960s, this program hosts 10 fellows for a one-year research assignment and a one-year clinical rotation. The program, directed by Brian F. Chapin, M.D., associate professor in Urology, is among the largest in the country and the first to be recognized by the Society of Urologic Oncology. The fellowship has had 92 graduates. Urology also offers a Urinary Tract and Pelvic Reconstruction Fellowship, directed by O. Lenaine Westney, M.D., professor of Urology, for one trainee each year in a one- to two-year clinical rotation. Nine fellows have graduated since 2006 when the program began. Urology surgeons are leaders in minimally invasive surgery training for the Division of Surgery. Surena Matin, M.D., professor of Urology, leads the Minimally Invasive New Technology in Oncologic Surgery program, and John Davis, M.D., professor of Urology, oversees robotic prostatectomy training. MD Anderson is dedicated to training the next generation of oncology surgeons through our many Surgery fellowship programs. Division of Surgery | Surgical Outcomes FY18 9 Much of the research done by our surgeon scientists involves studying what goes on inside the operating room, as well as what treatment patients undergo outside of it. Comparing surgical techniques Pedro Ramirez, M.D., and Jose Rauh-Hain, M.D., two gynecologic oncologists, made headlines in late 2018 when they each published studies on cervical cancer treatment. Both studies showed that minimally invasive hysterectomies – the standard of care for treating early stage cervical cancer – were actually less effective than the traditional type of treatment: an open hysterectomy. The results stunned patients and surgeons alike, and led to changes in the way surgeons at MD Anderson treat patients. “This is why we are committed to randomized Phase III surgery trials for gynecologic cancers,” says Karen Lu, M.D., professor and chair of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine. “We need to test the standards of care to confirm that they really are the best ways to treat our patients.” Right procedure, right patient, right time Meanwhile, other surgeon scientists aren’t looking at what happens in the operating room. They’re looking at what happens before or after patients undergo surgery and how that influences outcomes. In July 2017, Matthew Katz, M.D., associate professor of Surgical Oncology, launched a national study measuring surgical outcomes for patients having pancreas resections. He and his team compared patients
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