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RELEVANT LEARNING OUTCOME:
Introduction: You'll learn
definition of cellular respiration
types of respiration (in the presence and absence of oxygen)
roles of ATP - main energy currency of the cell
reaction coupling
🕐 Estimated time for this section: 15 minutes
What's the difference between ventilation and respiration?
What's the difference between ventilation and respiration?
Ventilation is the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs (breathing), while respiration is the physiological process of gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the cellular level
Respiration:
Respiration:
Definition: the enzyme-catalyzed redox reactions by which chemical energy in organic molecules is released by oxidation.
Diagram above shows aerobic respiration yields energy for the synthesis of ATP. The energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP can be used for cell metabolism.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Adenosine Triphosphate
👁️🗨️ Watch the animation to learn more about ATP:
Answer these 3 questions while watching:
What is ATP?
How do we get ATP?
How does ATP work?
Reaction Coupling with Phosphorylation
Reaction Coupling with Phosphorylation
Reaction coupling with phosphorylation is a mechanism where an energetically unfavorable (endergonic) reaction is driven forward by pairing it with an energetically favorable (exergonic) reaction, typically the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP, which transfers a phosphate group to a substrate.
involve ATP --> through phosphorylation,
breaking a reaction down into two energetically favored steps connected by a phosphorylated intermediate.
this strategy is used in many metabolic pathways in the cell
it provides a way for the energy released by converting ATP to ADP to drive other reactions forward.
Reaction Coupling
Reaction Coupling
👁️🗨️ Watch the animation 0:00- 1:13 to learn more about reaction coupling.
Energetic Coupling in Glycolysis:
Reaction coupling in glycolysis links thermodynamically unfavorable steps to favorable, ATP hydrolysis or oxidation reactions.
The key coupled reactions are phosphorylation of glucose and fructose-6-phosphate (using ATP), and the oxidation/phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (using NAD+) to drive phosphorylation, producing 2 ATP net
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