(a) Describe the events that occur during the mitotic cell cycle and the main stages of mitosis (including the behaviour of chromosomes, nuclear envelope, cell membrane and centrioles). 

(b) Explain the significance of the mitotic cell cycle (including growth, repair and asexual reproduction) and the need to regulate it tightly (knowledge that dysregulation of checkpoints of cell division can result in uncontrolled cell division and cancer is required, but detail of the mechanism is not required). 

(c) Identify the causative factors, including genetic, chemical carcinogens, ionising radiation and loss of immunity, which may increase the chances of cancerous growth. 

(d) Explain how the loss of function mutation of tumour suppressor genes, including p53, and gain in function mutation of proto-oncogenes, including ras, results in uncontrolled cell division. 

(e) Describe the development of cancer as a multi-step process that includes accumulation of mutations, angiogenesis and metastasis. 

(f) Describe the events that occur during the meiotic cell cycle and the main stages of meiosis (including the behaviour of chromosomes, nuclear envelope, cell membrane and centrioles) (names of the main stages are expected, but not the sub-divisions of prophase). 

(g) Explain the significance of the meiotic cell cycle (including how meiosis and random fertilisation can lead to variation).

Use the knowledge gained in this section in new situations or to solve related problems.