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LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
To identify the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
There are two types of cells:
a) The prokaryotic cells that are usually single-celled (of the domains Bacteria and Archaea).
These cells do not posses a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
b) The eukaryotic cells, that can exist a single-cellular or multi-cellular organisms (in the kingdoms of Protists, Fungi, Animals and Plants).
The interior of an eukaryotic cells is divided into compartments called membrane-bound organelles.
Differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
Differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
👁️🗨️Watch the video that describes how the cells are similar and how they are different.
How many differences can you remember by the end of the video?
Here are some other differences between the cells:
The cell wall of prokaryotes is composed of peptidoglycan, while that of eukaryotes are either cellulose (in plants) or chitin (in fungi).
The prokaryotic ribosomes is of a smaller size (70s), while eukaryotic cells have both small (70S) and large (80S) ribosomes.
In a prokaryote, the chromosome exists as a single circular chromosome (without associated proteins called histones), while eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes with histones.
Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission but eukaryotic cells undergo mitotic cell division.
🖊️Check Your Understanding: Lecture Notes Checkpoint
🖊️Check Your Understanding: Lecture Notes Checkpoint
Which of the following statements are true?
1) Only the eukaryotic cells has a true nucleus, consisting of nuclear membrane and nucleoli.
1) True. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles, including the nucleus. Its genetic material is simply located in an area of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid region.
2) Only the eukaryotic cells have organelles.
2) False. Prokaryotic cells do have a non-membrane bound organelle - the ribosome. Note that organelles are structures within the cell that have specific functions. They can be membrane-bound (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion) or non-membrane bound.
3) As the prokaryote has only a single circular chromosome, it does not need to pack its genetic material with proteins.
3) False. The circular chromosome still has to be packed but with other types of proteins (i.e., not histone proteins, like those is eukaryotes).
🖊️Check Your Understanding
🖊️Check Your Understanding
Attempt Qn 5 of the learning goals.
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