Writing research paper and submission is quite scary for a lot of us that went through university degrees. However, it is actually quite productive. Research paper actually documents your learning and reading materials (e.g. books, sites, etc), gaining trust from others that you indeed learn something. Also, it serves as a déjà vu material for you to recall your learning facts in case you lost your memories.
Actual research paper writing is like writing a journal: it tells your story about your pursue of knowledge. The only difference from writing your secret diary is that research paper forces you to do actual fact finding, data gathering / processing, discuss, and conclude. The problem with university is that they tend to make research writing some sort of "homework" submission instead of coaching the students about research journalism. I personally enjoyed writing research paper to log and to publish my learning knowledge than spending time Facebook-ing or writing a personal diary.
After publishing a number of papers with my mentor Lim, Lee Booi, I can safely document the steps of writing a simple and universal paper writings. Here are the steps to achieve a good write-up, based on Lee Booi guidance.
At this step, you should be able to gather all the necessary parameters for your research using the research paper structure. Things like:
Additionally, depending on your audience, you also need to select the following:
This way, you can start structuring your research paper into a skeletal format. This skeletal format serves as a "map" or "framework" when you explore your research.
Now that you have the map, you should be able to produce a preprint paper for your research and publish it to your closed loop research communities (e.g. your department, your company's editorial board, ResearchGate communities)
Preprint serves as:
In the meantime, it allows new ideas and feedback arrives in the early stage, making sure you're on the write track before you implement your research.
This is the stage where you work on your research. There are generally 2 ways to do it:
If you do number 1 where most of us in undergraduate did, good luck with the writing and reviews. It will be stressful, forgetful, and easily plagiarize other peoples' work. Therefore, I highly recommend you do research and report stage by stage gracefully, shown in #2.
If you are lucky to have reviewers who are doing "supervising reviews" process with you, you need to work with them each time you progress your research and report write-up. They are some great reviewers who are willing to spend a lot of time and resources with you so remember to work with them closely and treat them later!
If you have reviewers who are doing "staged reviews" or "scheduled reviews" process, you need to plan out the reviewing sessions with them once you hit the milestone (e.g. arrived at stage / hit timeline).
At this point, focus on writing and achieving your research goal from your writer perspectives. The most important job here is to make sure the contents achieve the research objectives you planned. The keywords here are: facts and data. If your reviewers brings up some reader feedback, let them know you will deal with later after you achieve the final output: producing the masterpiece.
You will produce the first version of your research paper, containing a lot of facts, data, references, figures, tables, etc. This serves as the masterpiece of your paper for later refactoring.
Now that you have all the facts and data in place, it is time to write a reader-focused paper. This is where you simplify the masterpiece from your reader's perspectives. At first, you can make a copy of your masterpiece and work on it.
The goal here is to modify the masterpiece as if you're publishing it. Therefore, you need to revisit the research write-up structure from scratch. Here are some guidelines:
This is the time where you handle your reviewers' feedback related to report formatting. Same as previous, you should work closely with your reviewers on report writing.
Learning from my mentor Lim, Lee Booi, there are various techniques to reduce repetition and simplify the presentations. One most effective way I enjoyed doing it is the organizing the fact by table.
Firstly, organize the table into column types. Example:
These columns title serves as your main headers for the paper. Then, select a column as the primary reference (e.g. problems) to work from. Once done, list out the related facts/data from left to right (problems to actions) accordingly to their relations.
Relational data can be repeated in other fields (e.g. 1 same effect occurs for 2 or more problems, 1 action can solve multiple problems) but not primary reference.
Once done, you have a new mapping for your paper to write into. Any duplicated relational points can be organized into 1 paragraph, thus, removing any duplication. Have your reviewers read through the table to get a better idea of the "end in mind".
Once the "map" is approved, you may refactor the paper to match the new "map".
This is a necessary step. To remove reader blind spot, it is best to invite some new and willing target audiences to read and review the paper for comprehension, on top of your existing reviewers. This way, you can gather more feedback from fresh reviewers.
At this stage, it is more of the finalizing the paper. Pay attention to all the reviewers feedback and close all the open cases. Once everything is done, the very last step is the paper formatting like font checking, image sizes, etc.
Once you reach this step, your paper is only considered "ready" for publishing. If you selected your publisher already, you may need to comply to their paper submission processes. There, there may be more reviews or editing based on their feedback. Good luck and all the best for getting through their publishing process!
Note that there is no one rule or process to govern the paper publication and submission. They are specific to the publisher so any publishing process is outside of this entry.
For how to seek out publishers, feel free to explore the following site.
That's all about paper writing. It's quite easy, thoughtful, and improved learning. There are subsections which focuses on certain research paper writing topics. Feel free to explore them.