INTERBREEDING CAUSED THE EXTINCTION OF NEANDERTAL IN 2 DISTINCT WAVES OF AFRICAN APE HOMOS. THE FIRST WAVE OF AFRICAN APE HOMOS CAUSED EXTINCTION OF THE NEANDERTAL mtDNA, AND THE 2ND WAVE CAUSED THE EXTINCTION OF NEANDERTAL YDNA.
ASSUMING CHIMPANZEE AND HUMAN DIVERGED 6 TO 8 MYA THEN NEANDERTHAL mtDNA AND HUMAN mtDNA DIVERGED 660KYA +/- 140KYA.
THE MRCA OF HUMAN AND NEANDERTAL mtDNA LIVED MORE THAN 2 TO 3 TIMES LONG AGO COMPARED TO THE MCRA OF MODERN HUMAN mtDNAs. NEANDERTAL mtDNA FALLS OUTSIDE THE VARIATION OF MODERN HUMAN mtDNA, AND NEANDERTAL mtDNA MADE NO CONTRIBUTION TO MODERN HUMAN mtDNA. PROBABLY BECUZ FEMALE NEANDERTHALS BECAME INFERTILE AFTER THE AFRICAN APE HOMOS INTERBRED WITH NEANDERTALS AND THE INCOMPATABILITIES SUCH AS RHESUS AND OTHER DISEASE GENES BEGAN THE EXTERMINATION PROCESS. NEANDERTAL mtDNA LINEAGE IS 20% SHORTER THAN THE HUMAN LINEAGE. NONSYNONYMOUS TO SYNONYMOUS EVOLUTIONARY RATES IS HIGHER FOR NEANDERTAL LINEAGE DUE TO A SMALLER EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE CAUSED BY RECURRENT GLACIATIONS IN EUROPE AND EURASIA OVER 400KY OF NEANDERTALS EXISTANCE....
A Complete Neandertal Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Determined by High-Throughput Sequencing
https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0092-8674%2808%2900773-3
38,000 year-old Neandertal individual with 8341 mtDNA sequences identified... Neandertal mtDNA falls outside the variation of extant human mtDNAs, and allows an estimate of the divergence date between the two mtDNA lineages of 660,000 ± 140,000 years... base pair section of the hypervariable region I (HVRI) of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) was determined from the Neandertal-type specimen found in 1856 in Neander Valley, near Duesseldorf, Germany. Since then, a total of 15 complete or partial Neandertal HVRI sequences, as well as two HVRII sequences, have been described. Phylogenetic analyses of these suggest that Neandertal mtDNA falls outside the variation of modern human mtDNA. Since the mtDNA genome is maternally inherited without recombination, these results indicate that Neandertals made no lasting contribution to the modern human mtDNA gene pool....
an additional 721 mtDNA sequences that were initially missed, since they have a higher similarity to the human nuclear genome than human mtDNA, and thus could only be identified with the assembled Neandertal mtDNA. Interestingly, 522 of these sequences were similar to a single nuclear mtDNA insertion on chromosome 1...
mtDNA Sequence Analyses: Alignment of the 16,565 nt Neandertal mtDNA to the 16,568 nt human revised Cambridge reference mtDNA sequence (rCRS) revealed 206 differences (195 transitions and 11 transversions). In the noncoding control region, the Neandertal sequence contains a deletion of four base pairs (CACA) at rCRS position 514 and a previously known insertion of one base pair following position 16,263. The 13 protein coding genes, the 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes in the Neandertal mtDNA lack notable structural differences when compared to the human and chimpanzee mtDNAs.... the 54 extant humans formed a monophyletic group to the exclusion of the Neandertal...
COX2 has experienced four amino acid substitutions on the human mtDNA lineage after its divergence from the Neandertal lineage about 660,000 years ago.... At one of the four positions (rCRS position 7868), one of 2704 individuals carries the same base as the Neandertal. Because mtDNA is inherited without recombination, and because the Neandertal mtDNA falls outside the variation of modern human mtDNA, this single modern human observation represents a reversion to the ancestral state seen in Neandertals and chimpanzees. Thus, these four amino acid substitutions occurred in the relatively short period after the divergence of Neandertal and extant human mtDNAs and before the most recent common ancestor of current human mtDNAs. The observation of four nonsynonymous substitutions on the modern human lineage, and no amino acid changes on the Neandertal lineage, stands in contrast to the overall trend of more nonsynonymous evolution in Neandertal protein-coding genes, and deserves consideration....
Neandertal Genetic History: The complete Neandertal mtDNA genome confirms and extends previous insights into the genetic history of Neandertals. First, it confirms that the Neandertal mtDNA falls outside the variation of extant human mtDNA variation. Second, it shows that the Neandertal mtDNA diverged from the extant human mtDNA lineage on the order of 660,000 years ago. Thus, the most recent common ancestor of human and Neandertal mtDNA lived more than two or three times as long ago as the most recent common ancestor of extant human mtDNAs.
A striking observation from the analysis of the 13 protein-coding genes in the mtDNA is that the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous evolutionary rates is significantly higher on the Neandertal lineage. One plausible explanation is that Neandertals had a smaller effective population size, and thus less effective purifying selection than humans. Previous studies have reported that mtDNA dN/dS ratios tend to be higher within than between species of great apes, including extant humans. These results suggest that slightly deleterious amino acid variants segregate within populations, and that differences in the intensity of purifying selection may affect mtDNA dN/dS ratios. Previous estimates based on mean pairwise differences (MPD) within the mtDNA HVRI suggested that Neandertals (MPD = 5.5) had an effective population size similar to that of modern Europeans (MPD = 4.0) or Asians (MPD = 6.3), but lower than that of modern Africans (MPD = 8.1).
Recent population genetic analyses have revealed a higher mtDNA amino acid substitution rate and relatively more deleterious autosomal nuclear variants in Europeans than in Africans, presumably due to the smaller effective population size of Europeans. Thus, it seems plausible that Neandertals had a long-term effective population size smaller than that of modern humans. Population reductions caused by recurrent glaciations in Eurasia during Neandertals’ 400,000 years of existence may have contributed to this....
the Neandertal mtDNA lineage is shorter than the human lineage by approximately 20%... assume that the majority of the discrepancy in length between the Neandertal and extant human mtDNA lineages is due to stochastic differences in the amounts of substitutions that have come to fixation on the two lineages. Another interesting observation is that COX2 stands out among proteins encoded in the mitochondrial genome as having experienced four amino acid substitutions on the modern human mtDNA lineage....
In order to date mtDNA divergences, we estimated the posterior distribution of divergence times assuming that chimpanzees and humans diverged 6–8 million years ago....
A world map of Neanderthal and Denisovan ancestry in modern humans
http://phys.org/news/2016-03-world-neanderthal-denisovan-ancestry-modern.html
Most non-Africans possess at least a little bit Neanderthal DNA. But a new map of archaic ancestry—published March 28 in Current Biology—suggests that many bloodlines around the world, particularly of South Asian descent, may actually be a bit more Denisovan, a mysterious population of hominids that lived around the same time as the Neanderthals. ...
Neanderthal extinction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal_extinction
Neanderthal man as far as we know are the original Native European.
Neanderthals bred themselves out of existance, rather they interbred themselves out of existance as a new hybridized man. But, only 2% to 4% remain of Neanderthal in the mixed genetics of the new European peoples.
Neanderthal was hunter gatherer, and hunted Europe as far as the Ice age allowed. As the Ice age waxed it pushed the animals and the Neanderthal southward. AS Neanderthal escaped the Ice Glaciers they encountered the modern man migrations from Eurasia which were expanding to the west and north.
Some theories claim all humans have an origin out of Africa theory. This assumes all life on earth came from one single place in Africa. Yet Neanderthal has no trace to Africa. In fact, only non-african people today have Neanderthal DNA. Pure African people do not.
The out of africa theory is incorrect, and has never been proven. In fact the opposite holds. Migration does not prove origin. Although some peoples, and animals are out of Africa but, not all peoples and animals are out of africa.
Earth has seen many different kinds of man, and animals.
Some within the same species, and some of different species.
Most have become extinct, others hybridized.
Neanderthal man was alive in Britain at start of Ice Age - 40,000 years earlier than previously thought
This study only proves for just these bodies at just these sites. Other neanderthals at this site or other sites may have different blood types.
So we can not prove this applies to all neanderthals.
Were the Neanderthals rh negative?
http://www.rhesusnegative.net/staynegative/popular-questions/neanderthals/
The Denisova and Altai Neandertal are homozygous for the ancestral “A” variant at position 25629943 on chromosome 1 that determines rhesus type in modern humans. This variant means that both are likely rhesus positive.
As far as I can tell from the informative position that determines
rhesus type in humans, both are homozygous rhesus positive.
Note: Homozygous rhesus positive means that neither of the two specimens examined carried the rh negative gene recessively either making them both +/+.
The Neanderthals who contributed genes to modern humans are more closely related to a Neanderthal from the Caucasus than to Neanderthals found in Europe or Central Asia.
According to the new data, human history includes up to five different gene flow events: from Neanderthals into modern non-African humans, from Neanderthals into Denisovans, from Denisovans into the ancestors of New Guineans, from a possibly separate group of Denisovans into the ancestors of people in mainland Asia, and from the unknown archaic population into Denisovans.
Point being the blood group O of the El Sidron Neanderthal may not be the same for all Neanderthals, nor Denisovans. The Siberian Neanderthals may have been Blood Group B.
A paleogenetical study determines the blood group of Neanderthal man
https://www.upf.edu/cexs/news/neandarthals.htm
The research has highlighted that the blood group of two male Neanderthals who lived over 43,000 years ago on the El Sidrón site belonged to group 0. ... the mutation that defines group 0 is shared by Neanderthals and modern humans.
This article is very questionable, and should be read with caution. Interesting points are made, some are factual, but, some are opinion and lacks proof. This article supports some opposite views compared with some other articles. He sounds contradictory at times saying human have interbred with neanderthal but it did not contribute to our DNA, and that the Blood groups are species specific so that human blood groups are not the same as neanderthal yet he contradicts saying how Human B group contain neanderthal ancestry? So I am a little confused. He says humans are not on the same evolution tree as the other species of man, I agree humans have their own unique origins. The only thing in common humans share with other species of man came from interbreeding, and not from the same evolutionary tree.
Human Origins and Blood Types
http://origins-and-creation.blogspot.com/p/human-origins-and-blood-types.html
Blood Type O- is was the pure M.Human Blood Type. This Blood Type was sequenced specific to M.Humans. Many a misconception has claimed that O- is a mutation or that it is not the oldest blood type in the ABO Blood Group when in fact it is the Oldest, Purest M.Human Blood Group. Many who imply these misconceptions concern themselves with comparing the age of the ABO Blood groups with those found in early Hominids, but genetic analysis has determined that early hominid ABO blood groups and M.Human blood groups are sequences that evolved independantly, so there are ABO Blood groups (Chimpanze) and ABO Blood Groups (M.Human) and are entirely different blood groups. ...
...analysis of the M.Human Blood Type O have found that the human allele is species specific to modern human, lacking tran-species inheritance from chimpanze sequences. This demonstrates that the modern human type O allele evolved independantly from early hominids or primates since no ancestral sequence inheritance is found in modern humans (In other words Human Blood Group O, is NOT the Same as Neanderthal Blood Group O, ...The M.Human Blood Group O have no trace of the Chimpanze sequences found in other hominid specimens.
In addition the RH negative factor is also species specific to modern human. Those of the early M.Humans contained no trace of the RH Positive Factor inherited from the rhesus monkey in their genepool. Where other hominid species examined are found to be RH Positive.
We have dominant genomes compared to previous species. So as a result of all admixture that occured during the convergence period,
Humans with Blood Type A, contain prevalent Floresiensis-Pygmie ancestry in their lineage,
Humans with Blood Type B, contain Neanderthal Ancestry in their Lineage, and those of
Blood Type O, have retained the Early M.Human Ancestry.
Although those of M.Human Blood Type O today may have parents of Admixture blood types, A or B. So there is very little chance of any M.Human today descending from a Pure M.Human O- Blood Lineage.
Archaic human admixture with modern humans
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic_human_admixture_with_modern_humans
Neanderthal component in non-African modern humans was more related to the Mezmaiskaya Neanderthal (Caucasus) than to the Altai Neanderthal (Siberia) or the Vindija Neanderthals (Croatia). In the modern human population, at least those of East Asians and Europeans, the total introgressed Neanderthal DNA found spans about 20% of the Neanderthal genome....
Recent studies have shown a higher Neanderthal admixture in East Asians than in Europeans. It indicated that most-likely at least two independent events of gene flow must have taken place into early modern humans and that the early ancestors of East Asians experienced more admixture than those of Europeans after the divergence of the two groups....
No evidence of Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA has been found in modern humans. This would suggest that successful admixture with Neanderthals happened paternally rather than maternally on the side of Neanderthals. Possible hypotheses are that Neanderthal mtDNA had detrimental mutations that led to the extinction of carriers, that the hybrid offspring of Neanderthal mothers were raised in Neanderthal groups and became extinct with them, or that female Neanderthals and male Sapiens did not produce fertile offspring....
Recent studies found the presence of large genomic regions with strongly reduced Neanderthal contribution in modern humans due to negative selection, partly caused by hybrid male infertility. These large regions of low Neanderthal contribution were most-pronounced on the X chromosome—with fivefold lower Neanderthal ancestry compared to autosomes—and contained relatively high numbers of genes specific to testes, meaning that modern humans have relatively few Neanderthal genes that are located on the X chromosome or expressed in the testes, consistent with the fact that male infertility is affected by a disproportionately large amount of genes on X chromosomes....
in the 2012 study that interbreeding may have caused the Neanderthal to become extinct simply due to the random mixing of their genes through sexual reproduction. The model produced by Neves and Serva's suggests that the 1-4% genetic mix present in the Eurasian genome could have come about with one interbreeding every 10 to 80 generations. These low rates of interbreeding could theoretically have led to the extinction of Neanderthals through a genetic lottery.
Neanderthals' Genetic Legacy
https://hms.harvard.edu/news/neanderthals-genetic-legacy-1-29-14
Humans inherited variants affecting disease risk, infertility, skin and hair characteristics.
Remnants of Neanderthal DNA in modern humans are associated with genes affecting type 2 diabetes, Crohn’s disease, lupus, biliary cirrhosis and smoking behavior. They also concentrate in genes that influence skin and hair characteristics. At the same time, Neanderthal DNA is conspicuously low in regions of the X chromosome and testes-specific genes....
The team found that some areas of the modern non-African human genome were rich in Neanderthal DNA, which may have been helpful for human survival, while other areas were more like “deserts” with far less Neanderthal ancestry than average.
The barren areas were the “most exciting” finding, said first author Sriram Sankararaman of HMS and the Broad Institute. “It suggests the introduction of some of these Neanderthal mutations was harmful to the ancestors of non-Africans and that these mutations were later removed by the action of natural selection.”
The team showed that the areas with reduced Neanderthal ancestry tend to cluster in two parts of our genomes: genes that are most active in the male germline (the testes) and genes on the X chromosome. This pattern has been linked in many animals to a phenomenon known as hybrid infertility, where the offspring of a male from one subspecies and a female from another have low or no fertility....
Neanderthal genome project
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal_genome_project
The study determined that some mixture of genes occurred between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans and presented evidence that elements of their genome remain in that of modern humans outside Africa.... The genome was extracted from the bone fragment of a Neanderthal female from around 50,000-100,000 years ago, found in a cave in the Altai mountains of Siberia ...
According to preliminary sequences, 99.7% of the base pairs of the modern human and Neanderthal genomes are identical, compared to humans sharing around 98.8% of base pairs with the chimpanzee....
Additionally, in 2010, the announcement of the discovery and analysis of Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the Denisova hominin in Siberia revealed that this specimen differs from that of modern humans by 385 bases (nucleotides) in the mtDNA strand out of approximately 16,500, whereas the difference between modern humans and Neanderthals is around 202 bases. In contrast, the difference between chimpanzees and modern humans is approximately 1,462 mtDNA base pairs....
The research team estimates the most recent common ancestor of their H. neanderthalensis samples and their H. sapiens reference sequence lived 706,000 years ago (divergence time), estimating the separation of the human and Neanderthal ancestral populations to 370,000 years ago (split time)....
A range of genetic contribution to non-African modern humans ranging from 1% to 4%.
Early gene flow from modern humans into Neanderthals
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/02/160217140315.htm
Researchers find first genetic evidence of modern human DNA in a Neanderthal individual. Using several different methods of DNA analysis, an international research team has identified an interbreeding event between Neanderthals and modern humans that occurred an estimated 100,000 years ago, which is tens of thousands of years earlier than other such events previously documented. ...
Two Neanderthals from European caves that were sequenced for this study -- one from Croatia, another from Spain -- both lack DNA derived from modern humans. The team also analyzed the genome of another extinct human, a Denisovan, whose remains were found in the same cave in the Altai Mountains as the Neanderthal bone. Unlike the Neanderthal individual, the Denisovan individual did not carry any modern human DNA. That does not mean modern humans never mated with Denisovans or European Neanderthals. What it does mean, Siepel clarifies, is that "the signal we are seeing in the Altai Neanderthal probably comes from an interbreeding event that occurred after this Neanderthal lineage diverged from its European cousins, a little more than 100,000 years ago."...
A Neanderthal Foreign Policy
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-feffer/a-neanderthal-foreign-pol_b_6524358.html
Neanderthals never seemed to have lived in Africa, for no sign of them has ever been found there. But they ranged widely across Eurasia and parts of the modern-day Middle East. ...
From the existing fossil record, the first modern humans made it to Europe as early as 45,000 years ago, while the last Neanderthals disappeared from Gibraltar about 28,000 years ago. ... In the warmer regions of the Middle East, however, the two cousins may have cohabitated foras long as 60,000 years. ...
In 2010, when researchers sequenced the Neanderthal genome, they discovered some surprising results. Neanderthal DNA is in our genetic makeup — on average about 1-2 percent, with as much as 4 percent in some.
There are two theories about how this happened. The less interesting one is that we share DNA because of a shared ancestor. But that doesn’t explain why people in Africa today, where no evidence of Neanderthals has been found, lack any genetic link to them. According to the Neanderthal Genome Project, meanwhile, genetic mixing took place about 60,000 years ago in the Middle East.
Which brings us to theory two: sex. It is more than likely that some serious prehistoric hooking up went on not only between our precursors and Neanderthals...
Artificial Intelligence Has Identified Previously Undetected Hominid in the Human Family Tree
https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-evolution-human-origins/footprint-new-hominid-0011343
have identified, in the genome of Asian individuals, the footprint of a new hominid who cross bred with its ancestors tens of thousands of years ago.... Modern human DNA computational analysis suggests that the extinct species was a hybrid of Neanderthals and Denisovans and cross bred with Out of Africa modern humans in Asia.... An Extinct Hominid Could Explain the History of Humankind: The deep learning analysis has revealed that the extinct hominid is probably a descendant of the Neanderthal and Denisovan populations. The discovery of a fossil with these characteristics this summer would seem to endorse the study finding, consolidating the hypothesis of this third species or population that coexisted with modern human beings and mated with them. "Our theory coincides with the hybrid specimen discovered recently in Denisova, although as yet we cannot rule out other possibilities,"...
New Evidence Questions the Time and Place of Neanderthal Extinction
https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-evolution-human-origins/neanderthal-extinction-0011366
They became extinct at some time between 40,000 and 32,000 years ago. It is believed that the arrival of modern humans (Homo Sapiens) led to the extinction of Neanderthals in an area from Central Asia to Western Europe.... The results of the investigation could mean that Neanderthals disappeared from Europe up to 10,000 years earlier than once believed. On the other hand, it may mean that the two archaic human species co-existed for many millennia. ...
Neanderthal DNA in Modern Human Genomes Is Not Silent
https://www.the-scientist.com/features/neanderthal-dna-in-modern-human-genomes-is-not-silent-66299
Neanderthal in our skin:
Among the many links Kelso and Dannemann identified as they dug into data from more than 112,000 individuals in the UKB was, once again, an association between certain Neander-thal variants and aspects of skin biology. Specifically, the archaic sequences spanning the BNC2 gene—a stretch of the genome that Vernot and Akey had identified as having Neanderthal origin in some 70 percent of non-Africans—were very clearly associated with skin color. People who carried Neanderthal DNA there tended to have pale skin that burned instead of tanned, Kelso says. And the stretch that included BNC2 was just one of many, she adds: around 50 percent of Neanderthal variants linked with phenotype in her study have something to do with skin or hair color. ...
Neanderthal-derived immunity:
Another area of human biology tightly linked to Neanderthal variants in the genome is the immune system. Given that human ancestors were exposed to a menagerie of different pathogens—some of which came directly from the Neanderthals—as they migrated through Eurasia, the Neanderthal sequences introgressed into the human genome may have helped defend against these threats, to which Neanderthals had long been exposed. “Viral challenges, bacterial challenges are among the strongest selective forces out there,” says Kelso. Unlike changes in other environmental conditions such as daylight patterns and UV exposure, “pathogens can kill you in one generation.”...one-third of Neanderthal variants under positive selection were linked to genes encoding proteins that interact with viruses....
Y chromosomes of Neanderthals and Denisovans now sequenced: Neanderthals have adopted male sex chromosome from modern humans
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200924141449.htm
These Y chromosome sequences now provide new evidence that Neanderthals and early modern humans met and exchanged genes before the major out of Africa migration -- potentially as early as 370,000 years ago and certainly more than 100,000 years ago. This implies that some population closely related to early modern humans must already have been in Eurasia at that time. Surprisingly, this interbreeding resulted in the replacement of the original Neanderthal Y chromosomes with those of early modern humans, a pattern similar to what has been seen for Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA in an earlier study.
At first, the complete replacement of both Y chromosomes and mtDNA of early Neanderthals was puzzling, as such replacement events are quite unlikely to occur by chance alone. However, the researchers used computer simulations to show that the known small size of Neanderthal populations may have led to an accumulation of deleterious mutations in their Y chromosomes which would reduce their evolutionary fitness. This is quite similar to situations where extremely small population sizes and inbreeding can sometimes increase the incidence of some diseases. "We speculate that given the important role of the Y chromosome in reproduction and fertility, the lower evolutionary fitness of Neanderthal Y chromosomes might have caused natural selection to favor the Y chromosomes from early modern humans, eventually leading to their replacement" says Martin Petr....
WHEN THE GODS MATED WITH MONKEYS AND APES MODERN HUMANS CAME TO BE AND THESE MONKEY MEN MIGRATED AROUND THE GLOBE MIXING WITH MORE MONKEYS AND MORE HOMININS AND MORE GODS. MOST ALL OF THE ARCHAIC HOMININS ARE ALL EXTINCT INCLUDING NEANDERTAHL. IT WAS THE BASTARDIZING OF THE GENES WHICH GENOCIDED ALL THE ORIGINAL MANKINDS. BASTARDIZING HYBRIDIZED SOME WHILE TOTALLY WIPING OUT OTHER MANKINDS. THE PROCESS WAS MULTIPLE. ONE REASON IS IT CAUSED INFERTILITY. ANOTHER CAUSED BLOOD DISORDERS AS WELL AS OTHER BIOLOGICAL DISFUNCTIONS. OTHERS BASTARDIZED THEIR GENES OUT OF EXISTANCE...
Neanderthal Extinction Tied to Disorder Caused by Mating with Humans
https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-evolution-human-origins/neanderthal-extinction-0015634
There has been much speculation about Neanderthal extinction and why they disappeared 40,000 years ago. The latest research suggests they lived side-by-side with modern humans (Homo sapiens) for up to 5,000 years before their final disappearance, with the two species of humans interbreeding quite frequently....According to a new study published in the journal Plos One , it was getting along so well with modern humans that might have sealed the Neanderthals’ fate.
The latest study published in the Plos One journal found evidence of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborns (HDFN) in Neanderthal DNA. And this blood disorder, which they got from breeding with modern humans, led to Neanderthal extinction.... HDFN can develop when a mother and a father have incompatible blood types. When a woman with a negative Rh blood type (A-, B-, O-, or AB-) mates with a man who has a positive Rh blood type, this can cause problems if a child with a positive blood type is conceived. And this apparently accelerated Neanderthal extinction. ...
ALTHOUGH NO NEANDERTHAL HAS EVER BEEN FOUND IN AFRICA A NEW HYPOTHESIS OF NEANDERTHAL BEING A DIVERSE HYBRIDIZED MONKEY MAN FROM AFRICA. YET HE BECAME EXTINCT BECAUSE HE LACKED DIVERSITY WHEN HIS MONKEY BLOOD WAS INCOMPATIBLE WITH HIS HUMAN BLOOD. THUS ALL PEOPLE TODAY WHO ARE BLOOD TYPE A ARE DESECENDED FROM CHIMPS, AND PEOPLE OF BLOOD TYPE B ARE FROM GORILLAS AND IF YOU ARE Rh POSTIVE YOU ARE ALSO PART RHESUS MONKEY? HOMININS WHO ARE BLOOD TYPE O ARE NEANDERTHAL? BUT SINCE ONLY 2% TO 4% NEANDERTHAL GENETICS REMAIN IN EUROPEANS TODAYS BASTARD MONKEY MAN CAN BE EITHER BLOOD TYPE ABO AND Rh+/-. ALTHOUGH THIS IS NOT THE COMPLETE STORY AS THERE ARE MORE BLOOD TYPES, AND THE BETTER EXPLANATION NEANDERTHAL HAS ABO IS BECAUSE ALL PRIMATES DO. NOT BECUZ HE WAS ORIGINALLY A BASTARD PART MONKEY PART GOD, OR A TEENAGE MUTANT NINJA MONKEY GENE...
Neanderthal and Denisovan blood groups deciphered
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728140345.htm
The findings bolster previous hypotheses but also offer new surprises. While it was long thought that Neanderthals were all type O -- just as chimpanzees are all type A and gorillas all type B -- the researchers demonstrated that these ancient hominins already displayed the full range of ABO variability observed in modern humans. Extensive analysis covering other blood group systems turned up alleles that argue in favour of African origins for Neanderthals and Denisovans. Especially surprising is the discovery that the Neanderthals harboured a unique Rh allele absent in modern humans -- with the notable exceptions of one Aboriginal Australian and one Papuan.... These clues strengthen the hypothesis that low genetic diversity together with low reproductive success contributed to the disappearance of Neanderthals.
NEANDERTHAL THE ORIGINAL NATIVE EUROPEAN YDNA HAS NEVER BEEN IDENTIFIED WITH ANY MODERN HUMAN. HE DIVERGED FROM HIS COMMON ANCESTOR 590,000YA. NATIVE PALEOLITHIC EUROPEANS BEFORE MONKEY MAN INVASION WAS COMPRISED OF NEANDERTHAL, CROMAGNON MAN, AND THE K2/R1b YDNA HG LINEAGE ALL OF WHICH ARE NON-AFRICANS FREE OF MONKEY GENES...
The Hominids of Hiberia: Neanderthals, Dolmens and Myths Entwined
https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/prehistoric-iberia-0015761
the first ever complete sequencing of the Neanderthal Y chromosome.
Neanderthal DNA was retrieved from sediments in El Sidrón cave, in northern Spain.
This successful sequencing of the Neanderthal Y chromosome from the Sidron Cave raised more questions than answers. Allegedly, based on the precarious interpretation of this single specimen, scientists proclaimed that it indicates Neanderthals diverged from a common, human ancestor 590,000 years ago. But a yellow flag of interpretive caution needs to go up here because of several additional anomalies.
It’s important to note that the Y chromosome is passed down exclusively by the father. No other hominid or hominin has ever yielded this chromosome to date. This Y chromosome has never been identified in modern humans and is encoded with a variety of MiHA (minor histocompatibility antigens) that diverge from those of modern humans. What exactly this all means goes far beyond the scope of this article, but suffice it to say, it is rather strange and does not add up with current preconceptions regarding Neanderthals, their alleged African origins, or their relationship with Homo sapiens....
3 NEANDERTHAL FEMALES WHO LIVED 100KYA TO 40KYA HAD A RHESUS ALLELE BUT, IT WAS DIFFERENT FROM MODERN HUMANS SUGGESTS NEANDERTHAL AT THAT TIME HAD MIXED WITH AN EARLIER OUT OF AFRICA MONKEY PEOPLE WHICH CARRIED A DIFFERENT MONKEY GENE THAN THE MORE RECENT MONKEY PEOPLE EXITING AFRICA 60KYA....
Neanderthal and Denisovan blood groups deciphered
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728140345.htm
July 28, 2021... one Denisovan and three Neanderthal females who lived 100,000 to 40,000 years ago... Of the 40-some known blood group systems, the team concentrated on the seven usually considered for blood transfusion purposes, the most common of which are the ABO (determining the A, B, AB, and O blood types) and Rh systems....
While it was long thought that Neanderthals were all type O -- just as chimpanzees are all type A and gorillas all type B -- the researchers demonstrated that these ancient hominins already displayed the full range of ABO variability observed in modern humans. Especially surprising is the discovery that the Neanderthals harboured a unique Rh allele absent in modern humans -- with the notable exceptions of one Aboriginal Australian and one Papuan....
EUROPEANS/EURASIANS ARE NEANDERTHAL AND OTHER ARCHAIC MANKINDS.
EURASIAN CROMAGNONS, AND THEN OUT OF AFRICAN APE/HOMO HYBRIDS INTERBRED WITH THE EUROPEANS CAUSING MASS GENOCIDES OF THE ARCHAIC EUROPEANS/EURASIANS....
The Controversial Lapedo Child – A Neanderthal / Human Hybrid?
https://www.ancient-origins.net/human-origins-science/lapedo-child-00903
Lisbon, Portugal...first complete Palaeolithic skeleton ever dug in Iberia...the child had the chin and lower arms of a human, but the jaw and build of a Neanderthal, suggesting that he was a hybrid, the result of interbreeding between the two species. The finding casts doubt on the accepted theory that Neanderthals disappeared from existence approximately 30,000 years ago and were replaced by Cro-Magnons, the first early modern humans. Rather, it suggests that Neanderthals interbred with modern humans and became part of our family, a fact that would have dramatic implications for evolutionary theorists around the world...
several small bones stained with red ochre...This child had been carefully buried in an extended position in a shallow pit so that the head and feet were higher than the hips. The body had been placed on a burned Scots pine branch, probably in a hide covered in red ochre. The ochre was particularly thick around the head and stained the upper and lower surfaces of the bones. A complete rabbit carcass was found between the child’s legs and six ornaments were found – four deer teeth which appear to have been part of a headdress, and two periwinkle shells from the Atlantic, which are thought to have been part of a pendant....
Lapedo child was a morphological mosaic, a hybrid of Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans. Yet the two human forms are not thought to have coexisted later than 28,000 years ago in Iberia....Today, the most popular theory is that the remains are that of a modern child with genetically inherited Neanderthal traits - which means that the last Neanderthals of Iberia (and doubtless other parts of Europe) contributed to the gene pool of subsequent populations.
NEANDERTHALS CARRY MORE REACTIVE OXYGEN RADICALS COMPARED TO MODERN HUMAN HYBRIDS. THIS IS NOT ENTIRELY BAD AS NEANDERTHAL HAS GIVEN THE APE/HOMOS BENEFICIAL GENETICS IN THEIR SURVIVAL IN TURN THE APE/HOMOS HAVE CAUSED THE EXTINCTION OF THE ARCHAIC EUROPEANS...
Modern humans developed a more effective protection against oxidative stress
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/01/220105151335.htm
the risk for inflammatory bowel disease and vascular disease is increased several times in people carrying the Neanderthal variant....
What makes modern humans unique is a question that has eluded researchers for a long time. One way to approach this question is to study the proteins, or building blocks, in the body that have changes that are carried by almost all living people today and occurred after we separated from the ancestors we shared with Neanderthals about 500,000 years ago. There are around 100 proteins that have such a unique change. One of these proteins is glutathione reductase which is part of the body's defense against oxidative stress....
They show that the Neanderthal protein created more reactive oxygen radicals which are the cause of oxidative stress. It is the third protein change unique to present-day humans that has been studied so far. The study also shows that the Neanderthal protein has passed over to present-day humans in low frequency when our ancestors mixed with them about 60,000 years ago. Today, it occurs mainly on the Indian subcontinent at an estimated frequency of 1 to 2 per cent of the population. The researchers found that people who carry the Neanderthal protein have a higher risk of developing vascular disease and inflammatory bowel disease, both diseases that are linked to oxidative stress....
The researchers can only speculate about why this particular change came to be one of the unique changes that almost all modern humans carry. "Stopping oxidative stress is a bit like preventing something from rusting. Perhaps the fact that we are living longer has driven these changes," ...