By Using available resources efficiently and effectively
How about Excellently?
Satisfaction of stakeholders
Shareholders: Making profits
Customers: Creating valued products at reasonable cost
Employees: Great employment experience and opportunities
Donors: Keeping faith and trust
Management Functions and Process
Awareness/ Forecasting: Knowing what's going on, keeping up to date and paint a reliable picture of the business's future environment
Planning:
Deciding what is to happen in the future and generating plans for action (in advance)
Give mid and lower-level managers a good idea of the future plans for each department in an organization.
A framework is created whereby plans and decisions are made.
Mid and lower-level management may add their own plans to the business's strategies.
Organizing/ Coordinating/ Staffing:
Creating a structure which an organisation's goals can be accomplished
Making sure human and non-human resources are put into place
Leading/Commanding/ Directing/ Controlling:
Determining what must be done in a situation and getting people to do it
Steer organisation to accomplish goal/target
Check progress against plans
Resourcing
Deployment and manipulation of human resources
Financial resources
Technological resources
Natural Recourses
Implementing Organisational Policies, Strategies and Values
All policies and strategies must be discussed with all managerial personnel and staff
Managers must understand where and how they can implement their policies and strategies.
A plan of action must be devised for each department.
Policies and strategies must be reviewed regularly.
Contingency plans must be devised in case the environment changes.
Top-level managers should carry out regular progress assessments.
The business requires team spirit and a good environment.
The missions, objectives, strengths and weaknesses of each department must be
analyzed to determine their roles in achieving the business's mission.
A planning unit must be created to ensure that all plans are consistent and that policies and strategies are aimed at achieving the same mission and objectives.
Basic Roles
Interpersonal: Roles that involve coordination and interaction with employees
Informational: Roles that involve handling, sharing and analysing information
Decision: Roles that require decision-making
Management Skills
Political: Used to build power base and to establish connections
Conceptual: used to analyse complex situations
Interpersonal: Used to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate
Diagnostic: Ability to visualise appropriate responses to a situation
Leadership: Ability to lead and to provide guidance to specific group
Technical: expertise in one's particular functional area
Levels of Management
TOP Management
Who are they?
Board of Directors
Executive directors
Accomplish Day to Day details
Instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules
Appointment of middle level executives such as department managers
Coordination of departments
Media and Government relations
Shareholder Communication
Non-executive directors: Fiduciary duty to shareholders and not closely involved in day-to-day activities. Liable for breaches of duty and insured under directors and officers liability insurance
Function of the Board
Set corporate strategy
Make major decisions such as major acquisitions
Hires, evaluates and fires the top-level manager e.g. CEO
May have certain employees e.g. internal auditors report to them or directly hire independent contractors
President and Vice President
CEOS and other C-level Executives
Function of the CEO
Implementing and determining (within board's framework) the broad policies of the organisation
What do they do?
Set the tone at the top
Develop strategic plans
Company policies
make decisions on the direction of the business
Play significant role of mobilizations of outside resources
Accountable to shareholders and general public
Skills Required by the Top Management
Broad understanding of Competition
World Economics
Politics
MIDDLE
Who are they?
General Managers
Branch Managers
Department Managers
Operational Manager
What do they do?
Accountable to TOP management for department's function
Devote time to organisational and directional functions
Execute organizational plans in conformance with company's policies and objectives of top management
Define and discuss information and policies from TOP management to lower management
Inspire and provide guidance to lower level managers toward better performance
Design and Implement Effective Group and Inter-group work and Information Systems
Define and monitor group-level performance indicators
Diagnose and resolve problems within and among work groups
Design and implement reward systems that support cooperative behaviors
Make decision and share ideas with top managers
LOWER
Who are they?
Supervisors
Section Leaders
Formen
What do they do?
Focus on controlling and directing
Assigning employees tasks
Guiding and supervising employees on day-to-day activities
ensure quality and quantity production
Making recommendations and Suggestions and up-Channeling employee problems to higher management