Inflammation - Innate Immune Response and/or Abnormal Response

Concepts on Inflammation

A physical Symptom
- Heat, Pain, Redness and Swelling (Calor, dolor, rubor, tumor)
- Los of Function
A Biological Mechanism
- A Complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli such as
  - Pathogens
  - Damaged Cells
  - Irritants
- Is a protective response involving
  - Immune Cells
  - Blood Vessels
  - Molecular Mediators
- Function to
  - eliminate the initial cause of cell Injury
  - clear out necrotic cells
  - clear out tissues damaged from original insult and during the inflammatory process
  - Initiate tissue repair
An Immune Response (Generic Immune Response)
- Part of Innate Immunity (Not Adaptive Immunity)
IS NOT INFECTION, though an infection may result in inflammation.

Acute Inflammation
- Initial response of body to harmful stimuli
- With increased movement of plasma, leukocytes from blood to injured tissues.
- Triggering biochemical events to propagate and mature the response involving
  - local vascular system
  - Immune system
  - Cells within injured tissue
Chronic Inflammation
- A progressive shift in types of cells present at the site of inflammation
  - mononuclear cells
- Destruction and healing of the tissue from the inflammatory process

Disorders
- Acne vulgaris
- Asthma
- Autoimmune diseases
- Autoinflammatory diseases
- Celiac disease: Genetically predisposed Autoimmune disorder of the small intestine
- Chronic prostatitis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Hypersensitivities
- Inflammatory bowel diseases
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Reperfusion/ Reoxygenation injury
- Rheumatic fever
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Sarcoidosis
- Transplant rejection
- Vasculitis
- Hydradenitis Suppurativa
- Diverticulitis
- Interstitial cystitis
Atherosclerosis
Allergies and Hyper-Sensitivities
Myopathies
Leukocyte Defects
Pharmacological Effects:
- From drugs or exogenous chemical compounds
- Vitamin A Deficiency: Increases inflammatory responses
Cancer
HIV and AIDS
Depression
- Inflammation can be triggered by negative cognitions such as stress, violence or deprivation
- Inflammation can also cause depression because of increase of cytokines (sets brain into sickness mode)
Systemic Inflammation and Obesity
Systemic Inflammation and Overeating
Diet and Inflammation
Exercise and Inflammation
- Exercise-induced acute inflammation
- Post-inflammatory muscle growth and repair
- Chronic inflammation and muscle loss
- Exercise as treatment for Inflammation

Is a score that describes the potential of a diet to modulate systemic inflammation within the body
Chronic Inflammation may be related to arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetes

2004: Invented by Dr James R Hebert of South Carolina Cancer Prevention and Control Program (University of South Carolina)
2013: Online version
Based on
- Results of studies published in peer-reviewed literature focusing specifically on inflammation (removes idiosyncrasies of specific dietary assessment methods and limitations of exposure differences within populations)
- Can be adapted to any dietary assessment method capable of providing estimates of nutrient intake
- Standardized to dietary intake from representative populations around the world
Is different from other Dietary Indices - Most indices are based on 3 methods
- A particular cuisine or foodway (e.g. Mediterranean, macrobiotic or south Asian diet
- Dietary Guidelines (e.g. Healthy Eating Index)
- Results from a particular study (which reflect bias related to sample selection, response set bias such as social desirability)

References

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