4th Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0)

CONCEPTS Behind the 4th Industrial Revolution

What is the 4th Industrial Revolution?

• Collective term around technologies for
  • Automation
  • Data exchange
  • Manufacturing
• Modern technologies and value chain organisations that include but not limited to
  • Cyber-Physical Systems
  • Internet of Things
  • Internet of Services
  • Cloud Computing
  • Big Data Analytics (6Cs in INtegrated Industry 4.0 and Cyber Phsyical Systems environment
    • Connection (Sensor and Networks)
    • Cloud (Computing and data on demand)
    • Cyber (Model and Memory)
    • Content/Context (Meaning and Correlation)
    • Community (Sharing and Collaboration)
    • Customisation (Personalization and Value)

4th Industrial Revolution Projects

• BMBF Project RES-COM
• Cluster of Excellence "INtegrative Production Technology for High-Wage Countries
• Horizon 2020 Research Project CREMA (Clud-based Rapid Elastic MAnufacturing based on Xaas and Cloud Model)
• Cincinnati to be Industry 4.0 Demonstration City

History of the Industrial Revolutions/ What are the 4 industrial revolutions?

1. 1784 1st Industrial Revolution: Mechanisation, water & steam power and production equipment
2. 1870 2nd Industrial Revolution: Division of Labour, Mass production, assembly line, electricity
3. 3rd Industrial Revolution: Electronics, IT, Computers. automated production and general Automation
4. 4th Industrial Revolution: Cyber Physical Systems, Internet of Things, Internet of Services

The 6 Design Principles behind the 4th Industrial Revolution

1. Interoperability: Ability of cyber systems (Workpiece carriers, assembly stations and products), Humans, Smart Factories to communicate with each other via the Internet of Things and the Internet of Services
2. Virtualization: Virtual copy of Smart Factory by linking
   1. sensor data (from monitoring physical processes) with
   2. virtual plant models and
   3. simulation models
3. Decentralization: Ability of cyber-physical systems within Smart Factories to Make decisions on their own
4. Real-Time Capability: Capability to collect and analyse data and provide derived insights immediately
5. Service Orientation: offering of services (Cyber-physical systems, humans or Smart Factories) Via Internet of Services
6. Modularity: Flexible adaptation of Smart Factories to changing requirements by replaying or expanding individual modules

Characteristics of the 4th Industrial Revolution

• Strong customizations of products (under conditions of highly flexibilized Mass Production)
• Automation technology and increase in complexity of work by introduction of methods of
  • Self-optimization
  • Self-configuration
  • Self-diagnosis
  • Cognition
  • Intelligent Support of workers

Impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution

• Services and Business Models
• Reliability and continuous productivity
• IT security
• Machine safety
• Product lifecycles
• Industry value chain
• Workers
• Socio-economic
• Industry Demonstration: e.g. Cincinnati
• A recent article suggests that Industry 4.0 may have a beneficial affects for developing country like India.[19]

Challenges of the 4th Industrial Revolution

• IT security issues, which are greatly aggravated by the inherent need to open up those previously closed production shops
• Reliability and stability needed for critical machine-to-machine communication (M2M), including very short and stable latency times
• Need to maintain the integrity of production processes
• Need to avoid any IT snags, those would cause expensive production outages
• Need to protect industrial knowhow (contained also in the control files for the industrial automation gear)
• Lack of adequate skill-sets to expedite the march towards fourth industrial revolution
• Threat of redundancy of the corporate IT department
• General reluctance to change by stakeholders

Reference

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_4.0

ReSEARCH on the 4th Industrial Revolution

Online Search

• Google Search
  • 4th Industrial Revolution - https://www.google.com.sg/search?q=4th+industrial+revolution&gws_rd=cr,ssl&ei=gyYPV5fyC4PGmAXhr5ngDg

ORGANISATIONAL Stakeholders of the 4th Industrial Revolution

• Global
  • World Economic Forum - https://www.weforum.org/

Videos on the 4th Industrial Revolution

• The Forth Industrial Revolution by the World Economic Forum - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khjY5LWF3tg&feature=youtu.be

White Papers on the 4th Industrial Revolution

• Extreme automation and connectivity: The global, regional, and investment implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution - UBS White Paper for the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2016 - https://www.static-ubs.com/global/en/about_ubs/follow_ubs/highlights/davos-2016/_jcr_content/par/columncontrol/col1/actionbutton.377225366.file/bGluay9wYXRoPS9jb250ZW50L2RhbS91YnMvZ2xvYmFsL2Fib3V0X3Vicy9mb2xsb3ctdWJzL3dlZi13aGl0ZS1wYXBlci0yMDE2LnBkZg==/wef-white-paper-2016.pdf

Books on the 4th Industrial Revolution

• The Fourth Industrial Revolution by Klaus Schwab
  • Contents Page and Introduction on PDF - http://www3.weforum.org/docs/Media/KSC_4IR.pdf
  • (Kindle/Ebook Version on Amazon - http://www.amazon.com/Fourth-Industrial-Revolution-Klaus-Schwab-ebook/dp/B01AIT6SZ8
  • Book review - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9930245c-b924-11e5-bf7e-8a339b6f2164.html#axzz45ywp9CEj

Articles on the 4th Industrial Revolution

• World Economic Forum's - https://www.weforum.org/agenda/archive/fourth-industrial-revolution
  • The 4th Industrial revolution and what it means and how to respond - https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond
• Forbes:
  • What is the 4th Industrial Revolution - http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2016/02/19/what-is-the-4th-industrial-revolution/#35e3e4e66ff8
• Slate:
  • The World Economic Forum is Wrong. This isn't the 4th Industrial Revolution - http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2016/01/the_world_economic_forum_is_wrong_this_isn_t_the_fourth_industrial_revolution.html
• The Guardian
  • The 4th Industrial Revolution Brings Promise and Peril for Humanity - http://www.theguardian.com/business/economics-blog/2016/jan/24/4th-industrial-revolution-brings-promise-and-peril-for-humanity-technology-davos
• WSJ
  • Preparing for the 4th Industrial Revolution - http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2016/02/26/preparing-for-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/
• Berkely - Tech Driven 4th Industiral revolution
  • http://scet.berkeley.edu/ubss-take-on-the-incoming-4th-industrial-revolution/
• Independent UK
  • Forget the Markets, the 4th Industrial Revolution is here - http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/davos-2016-forget-the-markets-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-is-here-a6830491.html
• Huffington Post
  • The World Economic Forum Misfires with its 4th Industrial Revolution Theme - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeremy-rifkin/the-2016-world-economic-f_b_8975326.html