Ecology

The study of interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving factors around them.

Mutualism

A form of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit. The butterfly gets food and the flower gets pollinated, helping it reproduce.

Parasitism

A form of symbiosis in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed. The tick feeds on the host's blood while the host losses blood and may even be given a disease.

Commensalism

A form of symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. The cattle stir up bugs which the bird, a cattle egret, eats. The cattle aren't affected by the birds, but the birds benefit from the relationship.

Predation

One animal, called the predator, eats the other animal, called the prey.

Producers and consumers

The deer is a consumer because it eats the plants for energy. The plant is a producer because it produces glucose through photosynthesis.

Interacting with nonliving factors

The bear uses the cave for hibernating over the winter. Organisms interact with nonliving factors as well as other living things.

Discussion points

How many wolves do you think were introduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995?

Trophic cascades

Biotic and abiotic factors

Everything is interconnected (food web)

Primary and secondary succession