💡 Essential unit questions:
How were the Characteristics of the Renaissance inspired by the advancements made in the cultures we studied in Unit 1?
How did the Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment exemplify the characteristics of the Renaissance?
What developments throughout the above time periods run in opposition to the ideals set forth in them?
📰 Project Documents:
🏢Resources
Martin Luther & The Reformation:
Search Terms:
-95 Theses
-Bible in Latin (printing press impact)
-Bible access to all (printing press impact)
-Relics
-Worshipping Saints
-All vocations equal in eyes of God
Scholarly Articles:
Bishop, P. A. (2014). Martin Luther and the Protestant reformation. Journal of History. https://drive.google.com/file/d/17zWG25Ugj0zC5mlAU4Azaz5aMyaN-Cab/view?usp=sharing (overview)
McLaren, Kevin. "Worthy of Veneration or Skepticism?: How Europeans Regarded Relics During Medieval and Renaissance Europe." The Forum: Journal of History. Vol. 6. No. 1. 2014. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vRLnZdg8oruB8sx2Xp0nFsaumn2RTXiB/view?usp=sharing (relics)
McNally, R. E. (1967). The Ninety-Five Theses of Martin Luther: 1517–1967. Theological Studies, 28(3), 439-480.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NNZypiY8OxzzpuBvY3AnzwiHMt2DZ0x6/view?usp=drive_link (95 theses)
Borowski, Tomasz, and Christopher Gerrard. “Constructing Identity in the Middle Ages: Relics, Religiosity, and the Military Orders.” Speculum, vol. 92, no. 4, 2017, pp. 1056–100. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26583619. (relics)
Secondary Articles:
Heal, B. (2017). Martin Luther and the German Reformation. History Today, 67(3), 28–36. https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=9350e1b7-f4f9-3bb0-8c7c-26a6db611e1e (overview)
Heffer, S. (2017). The shout that awakened nations. New Statesman, 146(5351), 24–27. https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=254123da-9d12-3aa8-8514-80e2dd1ea68b (overview)
Bagchi, David. "Printing, propaganda, and public opinion in the age of Martin Luther." Oxford research encyclopedia of religion. 2016. https://oxfordre.com/religion/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-269 (printing press)
Reformation & Catholic Church:
Search Terms:
-The Council of Trent
-Jesuits
-Sale of Indulgences
Scholarly Articles:
Hankins, J. R. (2009). Papists, power, and Puritans: Catholic officeholding and the rise of the" Puritan faction" in early-seventeenth-century essex. The Catholic historical review, 689-717. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27745669.pdf
Birley, Robert. "Early-Modern Catholicism as a response to the changing world of the long sixteenth century." The Catholic Historical Review, vol. 95, no. 2, Apr. 2009, pp. 218+. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A198365963/WHIC?u=flem98382&si
Schapiro, Jacob Salwyn. Social reform and the reformation. Vol. 34. Columbia University, 1909.https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=9L4fAAAAMAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA15&dq=equality+peasant+reformation&ots=9Xo64dE7wl&sig=ERa7yCkUkPWLv_d7wcP5CszW0Es
Laven, Mary. “Encountering the Counter-Reformation.” Renaissance Quarterly, vol. 59, no. 3, 2006, pp. 706–20. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.1353/ren.2008.0398. Accessed 13 Dec. 2023.
Reinhard, Wolfgang. “Reformation, Counter-Reformation, and the Early Modern State a Reassessment.” The Catholic Historical Review, vol. 75, no. 3, 1989, pp. 383–404. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25023084. Accessed 11 Dec. 2023.
Bossy, John. “The Counter-Reformation and the People of Catholic Europe.” Past & Present, no. 47, 1970, pp. 51–70. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/650448. Accessed 11 Dec. 2023.
Secondary Articles:
Counter-Reformation & the Jesuits https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2023/07/31/the-counter-reformation-ignatius-and-the-jesuits/
Padovano, Anthony T. “No Turning Back.” National Catholic Reporter, vol. 36, no. 4, Nov. 1999, p. 3. EBSCOhost, research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=e021f34f-0219-3a6b-a7d5-e0486dcb1601. https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=e021f34f-0219-3a6b-a7d5-e0486dcb1601
Henry VIII
Search Terms
Act of Supremacy
Church of England
Henry VIII divorce
Scholarly Articles:
Bernard, G. W. "Henry VIII:‘Catholicism without the Pope?’." History 101.345 (2016): 201-221. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24809778.pdf
Hayes, P. J. "Impediments to Marriage in the Catholic Church." The North American Review 180.582 (1905): 764-773. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25105404.pdf
Davies, C. S. L. "A New Life of Henry VIII." History 54.180 (1969): 31-48. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LtIRFhy6F_T1hC-QmWR8n4sdFU8oI4DQ/view?usp=drive_link
Hypocrisy of Martin Luther:
Search Terms:
Martin Luther Jews
Martin Luther Antisemtism
Martin Luther peasants
Scholarly Articles:
Eckardt, A. L. (1989). The reformation and the Jews. Shofar, 23-47. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40753327.pdf
Arnal, Oscar L. "Luther and the peasants: A Lutheran reassessment." Science & Society (1980): 443-465.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1w5bWe0YdPEJvj0y8SSdY2pTGMiXVG0VE/view?usp=sharing
Kaplan, D. (2012). Sharing Conversations: A Jewish Polemic against Martin Luther. Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, 103(1), 41-63. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cJTs_6J7CfgKCRkkzeoPiylvnhIivn1_/view?usp=sharing