From a political philosophical point of view, power is conceived as the ability of an individual or a group to modify the behavior of other individuals or groups. In Political Science, although it is no longer accepted that it is the only central concept, there is agreement that it has a prior importance.
The political form of the Spanish State is the hereditary constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy regime. The powers are divided into Legislative, Executive and Judicial.
Spain is a democracy, a state of law and a welfare state. We have a social market economy.
The values of our model of coexistence are: freedom, justice, equality, solidarity, political pluralism, dignity of the person and respect for fundamental rights and public freedoms.
The Constitution protects the fundamental rights of people and establishes principles to guide the actions of public authorities. Some features of this constitutional framework are highlighted.
The general elections of Spain are the elections in which the citizens of Spain elect the members of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate, the two chambers of the "Cortes Generales". They are celebrated every four years. Since the public declaration of the 1978 Constitution, twelve general elections have been held in Spain. The last ones were the general elections of 2016.
There are two main political parties (PP: conservative party) & PSOE (republican party). However, in the last years, new politica parties arose such as ....... The current goverment until the 2020 elections is PSOE.
But the new elections will be made 14 of April, because independentists have separated of Pedro Sanchez to be with the PP and Ciudadanos and they canceled the budgets.
The main challenge is to finish with extreme poverty, that is, that no one lives on less than 1.25 € a day in 2030. It also contemplates the implementation, at a national level, of social protection systems aimed at improving situation of the most vulnerable within each country.
By 2015, halve the proportion of people could not access to sustainable safe drinking water and basic sanitation services; in some regions it is still much to be done, but the world is on the track to get the drinking water target, that is, the 100% of the population can reach the access to that water and those services.
Carbon dioxide emissions have increased by more than 46% since 1990. Even more effort is needed to advance in clean and renewable energies, however, Government has not invested in this affair yet, so we can say it is still a theoretical issue: they are investigating but no real measures are being implemented.
In Spain, pensions for the elderly are now declining so much that an elderly person could only receive 400 euros per month. If we count that of those 400 euros more than two thirds should be destined to pay taxes (gas, electricity, water ...) plus the expenses in food of one or two people could not get to allow a decent life.
The plan is for an elderly person to be able to afford a normal life with a minimum wage.
The main reason why this is not implemented yet is believed to be political corruption. However, it is also how money is invested, for example excessive infrastructure. Recently we have observed how it is necessary to rescue deficitarian highways, since there is not sufficient demand from users. The hidden costs of oversized public highways and high-speed railways are not known with precision, but they are obviously huge; so maybe it is time to analyze budgets and investment.
Highway graph Railway graph
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Here we have some cases of corruption in Spain during the last years. As we can see, corruption has been mainly seen in Valencia, with 11.843.000.000 of euros robbed in 2011. It is also of prior importance to mention The Balearic Islands, in which government robbed 12.000.000 € in 2003. As we can appreciate in the figure below corruption has been seen almost in every Spanish region. Those politicians have not been focused on the Spanish development, just on their own interests, although that is neither fair nor honest. That money, which was going to be used for investment, is lost, and now Spain needs to catch up.
Spain has overcome corruption and nowadays money is being invested in greener things like more production and installation of windmills or more solar panels.
Politicians are already aware that they must let the eco- friendly mindsets lead their policies. The diverse political reality in Spain now does not impede green policies to be granted. Society is starting to trust again in government and this new hope is expected to be linked to the progress regarding sustainable energy and a really eco-friendly attitude both from governement and Spanish society.