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millions of people and animals. Circa 1900—When veterinarians proved insects can transmit disease, research was launched to control typhus, malaria, bubonic plague, and yellow fever. Learning that insects can spread disease has helped to protect animals and people from many deadly illnesses. 1993—Dr. Martin Fettman was the first veterinarian to participate in an outer space mission aboard space shuttle Columbia. The space crew studied what happens to people and animals while they are in space where there is no gravity. Their research helped improve the health and safety of astronauts on later space missions. 1996—Dr. Peter Doherty, a veterinary researcher at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discovery of how the body’s immune system protects us from infections. This discovery led to further research in the prevention and treatment of infections in both animals and people. 1999—Bronx Zoo veterinarian Dr. Tracy McNamara was the first person to determine that zoo animals and wild birds were dying from the same disease that was infecting people in New York. Once the link between West Nile Virus in animals and people was identified, researchers began to look for ways of preventing and treating this potentially deadly disease. Resource Guide copyright © 2007 American Veterinary Medical Association Page 3 Teachers may use for classroom support without further permission. Resource Guide copyright © 2007 American Veterinary Medical Association Page 4 Teachers may use for classroom support without further permission. Glossary: Anthrax — a disease caused by the bacterium bacillus anthracis that is highly lethal in some forms to pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, camels, wild buffalo, antelopes, and humans Anticoagulant — a substance that stops blood from clotting Bacteriology — a branch of microbiology that studies bacteria in relation to disease Botulism — a disease of the nervous system caused by eating spoiled foods Brucella — a bacterial disease caused by members of the Brucella genus that can infect humans but primarily infects livestock with symptoms that include intermittent fever, sweating, chills, aches, and mental depression. The disease can become chronic and recur, particularly if untreated. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) — an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that works to protect public health and the safety of people by providing information to enhance health decisions Degenerative disease — a disease where tissue and organs progressively deteriorate over time. DVM — Doctor of Veterinary Medicine is a doctor for animals Endocrinology — is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones FDA (Food and Drug Administration) — an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services responsible for the safety and regulation of most types of foods, dietary supplements, drugs, vaccines, biological medical products, blood products, medical devices, radiation-emitting devices, veterinary products, and cosmetics Heartworm — a parasite roundworm (Dirofilaria immitis) that is spread from host to host through the bites of mosquitoes that can cause illness in dogs, cats and many other animals Hormones — a chemical messenger that carries a signal from one cell (or group of cells) to another via the blood IACUC— every animal study that is performed must satisfy criteria established by an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to make sure that it is necessary, that the type and number of animals used are appropriate, and the animals are not allowed to suffer unnecessarily Lifespan — the typical length of time that any particular organism can be expected to live Nutrition — the science that examines the relationship between diet and health Pathogens — biological agents that causes disease or illness Pathology — the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of bodily fluids, cells, tissue, and organs Pharmacology — the study of how drugs interact with animals or people to produce a change in function Protocol — setting up the steps to follow in an experiment before beginning Salmonella — A bacterium that may cause intestinal infection and diarrhea USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) — the part of the federal government that develops and enforces policies on farming, agriculture, and food USPHS (United States Public Health Service) — the part of the federal government that protects, promotes, and advances the health and safety of the people and animals of the United States Vaccine — medicine given to a person or animal to prevent a particular disease Virology — the study of viruses Virus — a microscopic infectious agent that causes disease Additional Resources: www.avma.org The American Veterinary Medical Association www.fbresearch.org/ Foundation for Biomedical Research www.aalas.org American Association for Laboratory Animal Science www.aslap.org American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners www.acvp.org American Association of Public Health Veterinarians -nasa_N.htm Public health space mission Resource Guide copyright © 2007 American Veterinary Medical Association
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