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Discuss/emphasize daily exercise needs appropriate to age, breed and temperament Evaluate necessary environmental adaptations for mobility, sight, and hearing Exercise/mental stimulation/ enrichment appropriate for age, breed, and temperament Exposure to other animals (wild/domestic) Housing, confinement, temperature, humidity, and sanitation including general safety considerations Increase awareness of the impact of mobility or vision issues in responding to environmental challenges (ability to move out of the heat, cold, navigate in the dark) Exposure to toxins (plants/hazards), infectious, and parasitic disease (boarding, grooming, dog parks, geographic location, travel, exposure to other animals) Increased awareness of hazards at this age (plants, puppy-proofing, foreign body awareness) Zoonoses and human safetyy Clients should be informed on zoonotic risks relevant to their pets, themselves and family members, including but not limited to common endoparasites (e.g., hookworms, roundworm, tapeworms), dermatophytosis, toxoplasmosis, geographically relevant ectoparasite-transmitted diseases, rabies, Salmonella, and Campylobacter spp. Family member risk factors to zoonotic disease transmission Bite prevention education Feces removal from environment Discuss risks of raw food 2019 Canine Life Stage Guidelines JAAHA.ORG 271 TABLE 2 (Continued) All Puppy Young Adult Mature Adult Senior Behaviorx Fear and stress-reducing handling and previsit anxiolytics Begin socializing and handling from neonate Evaluate current behaviors of concern in relation to normal behavior Routine evaluation for cognitive changes, anxiety/phobias and cognitive dysfunction Specific evaluations for behaviors of concern Educate on sensitive periods Ask open-ended questions regarding behaviors that often result in relinquishment or euthanasia (house training, separation anxiety, unruly behaviors, storm and nose phobias, aggression, social relationships) Discuss normal behavior Identify problem behaviors that need further treatment Recommend continued training classes for behavior, socialization, and well being Ask open-ended questions about changes and any specific client concerns Educate on selecting appropriate trainers Advise that behavior recommendations and consultations are available Address desensitization/ grooming needs Evaluate emotional and behavioral history Discuss bite inhibition Discuss the benefits to crate training relative to housetraining, safety, and comfort Encourage appropriate socialization based on the individual Encourage adult training and active lifestyle based on the individual. Nutrition** Regularly evaluate for needed change in nutrition/diet based on reproductive and health concerns Evaluate breed and size for targeted nutrition Identify and address comorbidities Conduct screening or extended nutritional assessments as indicated. See AAHA Nutritional Assessment Guidelines for additional information Discuss establishing a feeding schedule and good feeding and watering habits Establish target weight range based on BCS and MCS; important to discuss risk of weight gain after sterilization Discuss supplement use Use of medical records for trends/ weight, BCS/MCS Modify diet per BCS/MCS MCS is especially important to evaluate as it pertains to mobility in aging dogs Evaluate the feeding schedule, food choice, and quantity Emphasize weight control and benefits to overall health; discuss the ideal weight and muscle condition for the patient. 272 JAAHA | 55:6 Nov/Dec 2019 TABLE 2 (Continued) All Puppy Young Adult Mature Adult Senior Parasitology Year-round control of intestinal parasites per CAPC/CDC and AAHA/ AVMA Preventive Healthcare Guidelines. Discuss prevalence in puppies and zoonotic potential Early deworming beginning at 2 wk of age and repeating every 2 wk until started on year-round control Continue year-round control for intestinal parasites Perform routine fecal examination for intestinal parasites Discuss high prevalence of intestinal parasites in puppies; perform more frequent fecal examinations in the first year of life Perform fecal examination for intestinal parasites 1–4 times/yr depending on lifestyle and use of preventives.
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