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mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). J Autoimmun. 2008;30(3):121-127. PUBMED | CROSSREF 5. Barker RA. Developing stem cell therapies for Parkinson's disease: waiting until the time is right. Cell Stem Cell. 2014;15(5):539-542. PUBMED | CROSSREF 6. Li C, Dong N, Wu H, Dong F, Xu Y, Du H, He H, Liu Z, Li W. A novel method for preservation of human corneal limbal tissue. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(6):4041-4047. PUBMED | CROSSREF 7. Mitchell A, Fujisawa T, Newby D, Mills N, Cruden NL. Vascular injury and repair: a potential target for cell therapies. Future Cardiol. 2015;11(1):45-60. PUBMED | CROSSREF 8. Murphy SV, Kidyoor A, Reid T, Atala A, Wallace EM, Lim R. Isolation, cryopreservation and culture of human amnion epithelial cells for clinical applications. J Vis Exp. 2014;94(94):52085. PUBMED | CROSSREF 9. Schwartz SD, Hubschman JP, Heilwell G, Franco-Cardenas V, Pan CK, Ostrick RM, Mickunas E, Gay R, Klimanskaya I, Lanza R. 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PUBMED Article Overview • In veterinary medicine, there are options available for both small and large animal practitioners to utilize autologous adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (AD-SCs) to promote healing for injuries and degenerative joint disease.1 • By provision of a living bioscaffolding to encourage stem cell adherence–proliferation, the additional cell availability can be further enhanced with addition of high-density platelet-rich plasma (HDPRP). • The potential of stem/stromal cells, coupled with important inflammatory promotion (HDPRP), is recognized as safe and efficacious in both open wound surgical care and guided placement. • The ability to prepare a site for skin graft by placement of AD-SCs in recalcitrant full-thickness wounds speeds the healing and recuperation of small and large defects in animals. • AD-SCs are of significant value in musculoskeletal tissue injury or disease because there is gradual depletion of native stem/stromal cells in chronic injury or degenerative states. • Multiple studies support the effectiveness of AD-SCs for use in connective tissue and joint repair, among other potential uses. • Controlled veterinary clinical trials are continuing, which will provide statistical documentation of the safety and efficacy of AD-SCs, as well as comparisons of different protocols for administration. • Utilization of AD-SCs, with or without HDPRP concentrates, have proven very effective in several thousand injections in preclinical and clinical use by both human and veterinary physicians in the U.S. and elsewhere. Reference 1. Alderman D, Alexander B, Harris G, Astourian P. Stem cell prolotherapy: Background, research and protocols. J Prolother, August 2011. | Advances in Stem Cell Therapy 24 Today’s Veterinary Practice July/August 2011 Osteoarthritis afflicts 10 to 12 million dogs in the United States and is the most common cause of chronic pain in dogs.1 Tendon and ligament injuries are common in performance horses and potentially more threatening than a fracture to the horse’s athletic ability.2 Clinical evidence is growing that autologous adipose-derived stem/ stromal cells (AD-SCs) can dramatically improve healing of injuries and decrease degenerative processes.3 USE IN VETERINARY MEDICINE Horses Veterinarians have used autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to treat tendon and ligament injuries and joint disease in horses on a commercial basis since 2003.4 This procedure involves: • Extraction of a fat sample from the animal • Sample sent to a laboratory for stem/stromal cell processing • Processed sample returned to treating veterinarian for direct placement or injection into the injured tissue or joint. Successful outcomes from this treatment have been shown in horses treated from 2003 to 2008, with:5-8 • 77% returning to prior level of performance • 94% stable 1 year or more after treatment for acute and chronic suspensory ligament injuries • 57% with joint injuries returning to prior level of performance. No systemic adverse events were reported and less than
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