New research into the breakdown chemicals of UDMH with oxygen is now showing more toxic chemicals, the USAF did not even know about or did not tell us, we Titan II Missileer s were exposed to. The USAF has really fallen down on reporting how the Titan II workforce was exposed daily to these toxic chemicals as they stated in a press release in 2024 that they would investigate our toxic exposure along with the Minuteman missile work force. Another promise by the USAF not followed through on! In the article link:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389422004976
Volume 432, 15 June 2022, 128708
"Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, UDMH) has been widely used as aerospace fuel in many countries. The launch of space vehicles can cause the release and leakage of UDMH into the environment, posing serious threats to ecology system and human population. Even worse, the health risks are also pertinent to its numerous classes of transformation products including N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), because most of them display carcinogenic and mutagenic properties."
"UDMH has been proven to be a highly toxic organic pollutant with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and embryotoxic properties, posing hazards to human beings and other living organisms (Carlsen et al., 2008, Carlsen et al., 2009a)."
The high reactivity of UDMH leads to the rapid formation of a vast array of nitrogen-containing products of its oxidative transformation upon contact with atmospheric air. The increase in nitrate and nitrate ion content has been registered in the soil and snow contaminated by UDMH (Koroleva et al., 2016, Koroleva et al., 2015).
If there was a spill during re-fueling these chemicals were used by the USAF to dilute the spill . Again making a toxic brew for us to breath for weeks after.
"Meanwhile, the reaction of UDMH to oxidants, e.g., Fenton's reagent, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), and hypochlorite, can form potentially dangerous by-products in this process of detoxifying soils and water polluted by the spill of UDMH (Kosyakov et al., 2019b). Ul'yanovskii et al. (2017) used high-resolution mass spectrometry to study UDMH oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and found hundreds of nitrogen-containing intermediate and final products of CHN and CHNO classes, which are formed via a radical mechanism. Main transformation products of UDMH include N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylamine (DMA), formaldehyde dimethylhydrazone (FDMH), formic acid dimethylhydrazine (FADMH), 1-methyl-1 H-1,2,4-triazole (MTA), 1,3-dimethyl-1 H-1,2,4-triazole (DMTA), and 1,1,4,4-tetramethyltetrazene (TMT), and their basic information is given in Table S1. Besides, numerous toxic substituted heterocyclic compounds are not previously described in the literature, including imines, piperidines, pyrrolidines, dihydropyrazoles, dihydroimidazoles, triazoles, and tetrazines, as well as complex structures containing up to ten nitrogen atoms. Some compounds also constitute serious risks to the ecosystem viability and human health, even at trace levels. For example, NDMA is more toxic than UDMH and is characterized by high carcinogenic activity (Ul’yanovskii et al., 2015a). "
UDMH has been classified as a 2B human carcinogen group by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 1974). UDMH was not bioaccumulating (Carlsen et al., 2007), so the greatest threat to human health was direct exposure. The methods of transmission to people mainly include inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Once in an organism, UDMH gets fast absorbed and distributes in the tissues and organs (Byers and Byers, 2017). The bioavailability of UDMH was estimated to be more than... order the rest of the article to find out.