Definition
Defining an issue, person, or object.
Because animals are sentient beings, eating meat is unethical.
Nascar is a sport; not a sport.
Rap is poetry; is not poetry.
Causation
An argument that states the causal relationship between things
Note the difference between causation and correlation.
Evaluation
Arguing whether something is good or bad, right or wrong, better or worse.
Issues of Recommendation
Arguments to make recommendations about the best course of action.
These argument use "obligation verbs": should, must, ought to.
Evaluation
Recommendation