v.8 n.6 August

Distribution of major ornamental fishes in the estuaries of Indian Sundarbans

Sana Ahmed, Ricardo Gobato, Sufia Zaman and Abhijit Mitra

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.8, n.6, (1-8), August 8, 2022.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v8i6p001-008

Abstract

The estuaries of Indian Sundarbans are the hotspots of several categories of ornamental fishes that are primarily distributed as a function of salinity. Carried out a survey during November 2019 to January 2020 (postmonsoon period) at 10 stations distributed in the western and central sectors of Indian Sundarbans. Recorded 19 ornamental fish species during our survey, which exhibited significant distribution pattern based on the salinity of the ambient aquatic phase. It is interesting to note that the stations in the western sector of Indian Sundarbans namely, Harinbari (Stn. 1), Chemaguri (Stn. 2), Sagar South (Stn. 3), Lothian island (Stn. 4) and Prentice island (Stn. 5) showed the presence of all types of fishes, where as in the estuarine water surrounding the stations of central Indian Sundarbans namely, Canning (Stn. 6), Sajnekhali (Stn.7), Chotomollakhali (Stn. 8), Satjelia (Stn. 9) and Pakhiralaya (Stn. 10) most of the species are absent. The hypersalinity of the estuarine water might pose an adverse impact on the ornamental fish diversity in this sector of Indian Sundarbans.

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On Transcendental Discrete Initial Value Problems

Dejenie Alemayehu Lakew

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.8, n.6, (9-12), August 8, 2022.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v8i6p009-012

Abstract

In article [1], the initial value problems (IVPs) studied were the ones that have solutions that are algebriac. In this article, initial value problems of difference equations of first and second order whose solutions are transcendental sequences, not algebraic are considered. Again, the discrete Laplace transform method and its inverse transform are used to generate the solutions to these intial value problems which are of transcendental kind.

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Energy is Conserved in General Relativity

Stefan Bernhard Rüster

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.8, n.6, (13-22), August 8, 2022.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v8i6p013-022

Abstract

In this article, the author demonstrates that there is a huge contradiction between the statements made in the famous literature about general relativity regarding the vanishing covariant divergence of the energy-momentum tensor of matter representing a conservation law. It is reasoned which of these contradictory standpoints are correct and which are not. The author points out why pseudotensors cannot represent the energy density of the gravitational field. Contrary to the statements in the famous literature about general relativity, the energy density of the gravitational field is shown to be described by a tensor. Moreover, the author demonstrates that in general relativity there necessarily exists the conservation of total energy, momentum, and stress regarding the completed version of Einstein’s field equations which is that one with the cosmological constant, whereby the latter one takes on a completely new meaning that solves the cosmological constant problem. This new interpretation of the cosmological constant also explains the dark energy and the dark matter phenomenon. The modified Poisson equation, that is obtained from Einstein’s field equations with the cosmological constant in the limit of weak gravitational fields, approximately meets the requirement of conservation of total energy in Newton’s theory of gravity, whereby flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies are obtained.

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Space with Constant Curvature and Constant Speed of Light

Valery Borisovich Morozov

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.8, n.6, (23-26), August 8, 2022.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v8i6p023-026

Abstract

A metric has been found that describes space with a constant speed of light. This space, like de Sitter space, has a constant scalar curvature and satisfies the Einstein equation. The main application of de Sitter space is its use in general relativity, where it serves as one of the simplest mathematical models of the universe consistent with the observed accelerating expansion of the universe. More specifically, de Sitter space is the maximally symmetric vacuum solution of Einstein's field equations with a positive cosmological constant Λ (corresponding to a positive vacuum energy density and negative pressure). There is cosmological evidence that the universe itself is asymptotically de Sitter, i.e. it will evolve like the de Sitter universe in the far-future when dark energy dominates.

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The pandemic is far from being over: A review on highly infectious variant Omicron

Soumendra Darbar, Srimoyee Saha and Sangita Agarwal

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.8, n.6, (27-36), August 8, 2022.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v8i6p027-036

Abstract

New variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus are being detected every week. The latest mutated variant which is very vulnerable for mankind is ‘Omicron’. The new variant first identified in Botswana and then gradually spread to most of the European countries along with third world countries. In comparison to other past variants, Omicron is more transmissible than Delta. Recent basic study suggests that Omicron has multiple spike protein mutation which makes this variant highly infectious. The Network for Genomics Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA) has stated that this variant has very unusual constellations of mutations with thirty new regions that encode the spike protein. With this mutation and alteration, this newly identified COVID-19 variant easily enters the human cells. Scientist and doctors are of the opinion that all vaccines presently available in the market might be less efficacious against this variant. According to World Health Organization (WHO) that Omicron has demonstrated to be associated with various changes like increase in transmissibility; and decrease in the effectiveness of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics. All the countries in the globe are now worried about the future harmful effects of this new variant against mankind. In this review we appraise the various information about Omicron and highlight the mutation process.

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Analysis on the Intelligent Development of Financial Management Under the Background of Big Data

Jun Gao

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.8, n.6, (37-42), August 8, 2022.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v8i6p037-042

Abstract

Today's increasingly mature and progressive information technology has greatly changed the way people live and work. Big data technology has also brought new development opportunities to traditional financial management. Nowadays, financial intelligent management has become the main development trend of financial management. With the support of information technology and big data technology, advanced system software can simulate human thinking and consciousness, and finally replace the manual completion of simple and regular It can effectively reduce the workload of financial personnel and at the same time reduce the financial risks caused by manual errors from the source, so that the efficiency of financial management is further improved. The growing maturity of big data technology has also brought a certain impact on the management mode and management concept of traditional financial work, requiring financial personnel to be able to actively change their thinking in the process of work, and actively respond to the new requirements and challenges brought by the development of financial intelligence. In view of this, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the intelligent development of financial management under the background of big data technology, and proposes effective countermeasures.

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