v.7. n.3 April
Parana Journal of Science and Education. v.7, n.3, April (2021)
Parana Journal of Science and Education. v.7, n.3, April (2021)
Summary
Summary
Articles
Articles
Soumendra Darbar, Sangita Agarwal and Srimoyee Saha.
Soumendra Darbar, Sangita Agarwal and Srimoyee Saha.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.3, (1-9), April 22, 2021.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.3, (1-9), April 22, 2021.
Abstract
Abstract
Since the pandemic began (COVID19), India has confirmed more than 11 million cases and over 157,000 deaths. The country has recorded the second-highest number of Covid-19 infections in the world after the United States. India launched first home-made vaccine "Covaxin" in January, 2021 to eradicate the corona virus. Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune have developed this vaccine. The Covaxin is an inactivated vaccine developed by chemically treating novel coronavirus samples to make them incapable of reproduction. The double-dose vaccine showed significantly higher neutralizing antibody responses in Phase II than in Phase I due to the difference in dosing regimens that changed to a 4-week apart injection schedule from a 2-week course. Covaxin, shots against COVID-19, has shown high levels of antibody response in a mid-stage trial. The 50% efficacy threshold set for COVID-19 vaccines is because COVID-19 was deemed such a severe disease, that if a vaccine is only 50% effective, it's still worth using. COVAXIN® demonstrated 81% interim efficacy in preventing COVID-19 in those without prior infection after the second dose. Clinical trial to continue through to final analysis at 130 confirmed cases in order to gather further data and to evaluate the efficacy of COVAXIN in additional secondary study endpoints. In March 30, more than 55 million doses of coronavirus vaccines have been administered in India out of which 44 million people take at least one dose of a coronavirus vaccine in what is the world's biggest inoculation drive. The purpose of the paper is to aware the whole community regarding the India’s first developed vaccine COVAXIN®, its safety and efficacy, adverse effects and minimum complications like others vaccine. This is one of the promising weapons to fight against unknown COVID19, the silent killer. As per Government circular the price of Covid vaccines (COVAXIN®) at private hospitals at Rs 250 per dose. Due to the reasonable cost of the vaccine, the common people can easily take the vaccine for protect corona virus. So, India’s developed vaccine COVAXIN® takes a crucial role to eradicate the coronavirus in the near future and save millions of people’s lives against COVID19.
Since the pandemic began (COVID19), India has confirmed more than 11 million cases and over 157,000 deaths. The country has recorded the second-highest number of Covid-19 infections in the world after the United States. India launched first home-made vaccine "Covaxin" in January, 2021 to eradicate the corona virus. Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and the National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune have developed this vaccine. The Covaxin is an inactivated vaccine developed by chemically treating novel coronavirus samples to make them incapable of reproduction. The double-dose vaccine showed significantly higher neutralizing antibody responses in Phase II than in Phase I due to the difference in dosing regimens that changed to a 4-week apart injection schedule from a 2-week course. Covaxin, shots against COVID-19, has shown high levels of antibody response in a mid-stage trial. The 50% efficacy threshold set for COVID-19 vaccines is because COVID-19 was deemed such a severe disease, that if a vaccine is only 50% effective, it's still worth using. COVAXIN® demonstrated 81% interim efficacy in preventing COVID-19 in those without prior infection after the second dose. Clinical trial to continue through to final analysis at 130 confirmed cases in order to gather further data and to evaluate the efficacy of COVAXIN in additional secondary study endpoints. In March 30, more than 55 million doses of coronavirus vaccines have been administered in India out of which 44 million people take at least one dose of a coronavirus vaccine in what is the world's biggest inoculation drive. The purpose of the paper is to aware the whole community regarding the India’s first developed vaccine COVAXIN®, its safety and efficacy, adverse effects and minimum complications like others vaccine. This is one of the promising weapons to fight against unknown COVID19, the silent killer. As per Government circular the price of Covid vaccines (COVAXIN®) at private hospitals at Rs 250 per dose. Due to the reasonable cost of the vaccine, the common people can easily take the vaccine for protect corona virus. So, India’s developed vaccine COVAXIN® takes a crucial role to eradicate the coronavirus in the near future and save millions of people’s lives against COVID19.
Charles Ira Abramson and Riley Jordan Wincheski.
Charles Ira Abramson and Riley Jordan Wincheski.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.3, (10-15), April 22, 2021.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.3, (10-15), April 22, 2021.
Abstract
Abstract
The primary goal of this paper is to acquaint the reader with a branch of psychology known as comparative psychology. Comparative psychology is defined as the application of the comparative method to problems in psychology and has much to recommend it both for the teaching of social science, and as a gateway to the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) disciplines. We provide the reader with general information about comparative psychology, along with information on inquiry-based classroom activities. Many of these resources appear in open access journals with no cost to the user.
The primary goal of this paper is to acquaint the reader with a branch of psychology known as comparative psychology. Comparative psychology is defined as the application of the comparative method to problems in psychology and has much to recommend it both for the teaching of social science, and as a gateway to the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) disciplines. We provide the reader with general information about comparative psychology, along with information on inquiry-based classroom activities. Many of these resources appear in open access journals with no cost to the user.
Abhijit Mitra, Ricardo Gobato, Arpita Saha, Prosenjit Pramanick, Indrani Dhar and Sufia Zaman.
Abhijit Mitra, Ricardo Gobato, Arpita Saha, Prosenjit Pramanick, Indrani Dhar and Sufia Zaman.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.3, (16-27), April 22, 2021.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.3, (16-27), April 22, 2021.
Abstract
Abstract
Blue Economy has the potential to upgrade the economic profile of the nations through the lanes of innovations, sustainability and tapping the untapped living and non- living resources of the oceans, seas, bays and estuaries. The major sectors of Blue Economy comprise of marine biodiversity, mineral resources of the oceans and seas, renewable natural resources, shipping, coastal tourism, sea- based livelihoods etc. One of the major objectives of Blue Economy is to reduce the carbon foot prints, which is an assurance to sustain the marine biodiversity. The present paper discusses the major sectors of Blue Economy with particular reference to Indian Sundarbans, the designated World Heritage Site.
Blue Economy has the potential to upgrade the economic profile of the nations through the lanes of innovations, sustainability and tapping the untapped living and non- living resources of the oceans, seas, bays and estuaries. The major sectors of Blue Economy comprise of marine biodiversity, mineral resources of the oceans and seas, renewable natural resources, shipping, coastal tourism, sea- based livelihoods etc. One of the major objectives of Blue Economy is to reduce the carbon foot prints, which is an assurance to sustain the marine biodiversity. The present paper discusses the major sectors of Blue Economy with particular reference to Indian Sundarbans, the designated World Heritage Site.
Abhijit Mitra, Ricardo Gobato, Arpita Saha, Prosenjit Pramanick, Indrani Dhar and Sufia Zaman.
Abhijit Mitra, Ricardo Gobato, Arpita Saha, Prosenjit Pramanick, Indrani Dhar and Sufia Zaman.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.3, (28-34), April 22, 2021.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.3, (28-34), April 22, 2021.
Abstract
Abstract
Oceans, seas, bays and estuaries are potential reservoirs of minerals which can be categorized into aggregates, placer deposits, phosphorite, evaporite deposits, polymetallic sulphides, polymetallic nodules, hydrocarbons and gas hydrates. These mineral resources can upgrade the economy of the nation if they are rationally explored, extracted and used for generating various usable products through circular economy. There is a limitation/boundary of every nation to explore and extract these resources, which is referred to as Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The present paper highlights these non-living resources of the sea along with their distribution pattern.
Oceans, seas, bays and estuaries are potential reservoirs of minerals which can be categorized into aggregates, placer deposits, phosphorite, evaporite deposits, polymetallic sulphides, polymetallic nodules, hydrocarbons and gas hydrates. These mineral resources can upgrade the economy of the nation if they are rationally explored, extracted and used for generating various usable products through circular economy. There is a limitation/boundary of every nation to explore and extract these resources, which is referred to as Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The present paper highlights these non-living resources of the sea along with their distribution pattern.
Parana J Sci Educ. ISSN: 2447-6153