v.8 n.2 February

Different Metrics with Different Cosmological Constants

Stefan Bernhard Rüster,

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.8, n.2, (1-4), February 2, 2022.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v8i2p001-004

Abstract

In this article, the author demonstrates, that different metrics and therefore different gravitational systems have different cosmological constants and thus different total energy densities. Each gravitational system has its own individual metric, which differs from that one of another gravitational system. Coordinate transformations are only possible within one and the same metric, which means within one and the same gravitational system. As a result, our universe is traversed by a myriad of different metrics, from which one must select the appropriate one, that describes the gravitational system to be considered.

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A review on wastewater surveillance during and after covide-19 situation in India.

Prashantkumar Bharatbhai Sathvara and Zeelkumar Kamleshkumar Sathwara.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.8, n.2, (5-11), February 2, 2022.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v8i2p005-011

Abstract

The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Wastewater-based Epidemiological (WBE) surveillance, which detects the RNA of the Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater, offers a promising approach to assess the pandemic situation, covering pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases in densely populated areas with limited clinical tests. In the current study, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the influent and effluent wastewater samples from different location of India. In influent were found positive result about SARS-CoV-2 genes i.e. having at least two genes of SARS-CoV-2 found in sample such as ORF1ab, N genes and S genes. In effluent sample get negative result about SARS-CoV-2 genes. In secondary and tertiary treatment plant able to remove SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater.

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Pulse of acidification in the Gangetic water in and around the megacity of Kolkata, India.

Sana Ahmed, Sufia Zaman, Ricardo Gobato and Abhijit Mitra.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.8, n.2, (12-15), February 2, 2022.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v8i2p012-015

Abstract

For decades researchers are trying to investigate the inter-relationship between near surface atmospheric CO₂, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and pH of the aquatic phase. This paper attempts to evaluate the same considering ten stations along the Gangetic stretch in and around the city of Kolkata, which is supporting a population of 14.9 million as per the

record of 2021. The high population density of the city coupled with several industrial and anthropogenic activities

increased the near surface atmospheric CO₂ level as witnessed during the Pre-Covid-19 phase (14^th April, 2019).

However, during the Covid-19 lockdown phase of 2020 (12^th May, 2020), the CO₂ level exhibited a significant dip,

which again slightly increased during the Post-Covid-19 lockdown phase on 5^th June 2020. We observe a significant

direct correlation between atmospheric CO₂ and DIC during all the phases of Covid-19. Also significant negative

correlations were observed between atmospheric CO₂ level and pH of the aquatic phase during the same period of time.

The overall result suggests that shifting of the pH value towards the left of the normal value confirms the pulse of

acidification in the Gangetic stretch in and around the city of Kolkata.

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Status of the near surface atmospheric CO₂ around the healthcare units in the megacity of Kolkata during two different COVID-19 lockdown phases.

Susanta Sengupta, Tanmay Ray Chaudhuri, Sana Ahmed, Sangita Agarwal, Sufia Zaman and Abhijit Mitra.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.8, n.2, (16-23), February 2, 2022.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v8i2p016-023

Abstract

The city of Kolkata is under the appalling shadow of carbon dioxide rise since few decades. Rapid urbanization coupled with the plying of large number of vehicles and congested roads have enhanced the grim situation of the city atmosphere. The present study aims to portray the air quality of the city considering near surface atmospheric carbon dioxide as indicator during two different situations, namely COVID-19 complete lockdown phase in 2020 and COVID-19 partial lockdown phase in 2022. This study was carried out around 10 major healthcare units in the city to assess the spatio-temporal variation of carbon dioxide. Our results exhibit significant variations between sites as well as the two lockdown phases of COVID-19 (p < 0.01), which may be due to degree of closure of the anthropogenic activities in context to COVID-19 lockdown.

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