v.7 n.9 November

Parana Journal of Science and Education. v.7, n.9, November (2021).

Summary

Articles

On Some Discrete Differential Equations.

Dejenie Alemayehu Lakew.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (1-6), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p001-006

Abstract

In this short research article, we establish new results of initial value problems of discrete differential equations. The particular difference equations we consider at the moment are the ones with solutions that are generated as algebraic sequences, sequences of polynomials or of rational expressions. These resultes are obtained by a transform method, the discrete Laplace transform. On another research work, we will investigate initial value problems with solutions that are transcendental, not algebraic.

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Percepção do mapa conceitual na aprendizagem significativa de neurociência básica pelo aluno de graduação em psicologia e terapia ocupacional .

(Perception of the concept map in the significant learning of basic neuroscience by the undergraduate student in psychology and occupational therapy).

Amauri Betini Bartoszeck .

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (7-17), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p007-017

Abstract

A survey by means of a questionnaire was used to assess the attitude of 67 undergraduate students of Psychology and Occupational Therapy, enrolled in Basic Neuroscience towards their perception of the relevance of practicing with concept maps, under the perspectives of David Ausubel and Joseph Novak. The results from this preliminary study show that mapping acts as a graphic organizer and captures the cognitive structure of the students related to understanding and representation of complex ideas and concepts in selected segments of neuroscience. A discussion carried out on the relevance of concept mapping as a tool for meaningful learning.

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer Using Pathology Slide Scanner.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (18-54), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p018-054

Abstract

Approximately 850,000 American women are diagnosed with the dreaded word cancer every year, while two-thirds of cancer deaths in the country are preventable. Although different types of cancer are worrisome, experts say that more than worrying, one should look for ways to control and prevent them, which are also readily available. Digital pathology will not only increase the efficiency, speed and accuracy of diagnosis in identifying cancer patients, but will also enable the laboratory to use specialized software and special stains for cancer tissues to be able to find suitable patients for new anti-cancer treatments. Choose immunotherapy or target therapy..

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Increasing the Level of Anti–Tumor T Cells to Allow Them to Kill Cancer Cells.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (55-92), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p055-092

Abstract

One of the most popular types of skin cancer is acral lentiginous melanoma, which usually appears as an irregular, prominent growth on the palms of the hands, feet, or under the nails. In fact, the symptoms of this cancer, which is a prominent colored spot on the skin, slowly begin to appear. In the first stage, malignant cells remain inside the tissue for months or years. The lesion then acts aggressively and appears on the skin as it exits the epidermis. Experts say this type of melanoma can grow rapidly and penetrate deep into the skin. Unlike other skin cancers that occur due to overexposure to the sun, acral melanoma has nothing to do with it. In appearance, these types of cancer spots are more than 6 mm in size and can be brown, blue-gray, black or red. Early in the onset of the disease, the melanoma may have a smooth surface, but over time it becomes thicker and has a dry, uneven surface. Bleeding and sores on the cancerous spot are also possible in some cases. Now that we know that this type of cancer is not caused by the sun's rays, then what is the reason for its occurrence? Experts say our skin has natural pigments. However, melanoma linginosis develops when some malignant pigment cells begin to proliferate in the primary layers of the epidermis. Scientists do not yet know for sure why pigment cells become malignant, but it may be rooted in genetic mutations. When a doctor diagnoses skin cancer in a person, he or she removes the cancerous spots. This process can be more complicated depending on the size of the cancer cells. If the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, the healing process will take longer. As with other cancers, early detection of skin cancer can speed up the healing process. Therefore, after seeing any spots or colored spots on the palms of your hands, feet or under your nails, see a specialist immediately. .

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Diagnosing and Monitoring Different Types of Tumors Using Fluid Biopsy to Identify and Track Tumor Growth.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (93-129), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p093-129

Abstract

New research shows that blood and urine tests can lead to faster and less invasive methods for diagnosing and monitoring different types of tumors. Two studies by the California South University (CSU) Cancer Research Institute (CRI) describe the potential of fluid biopsy to identify and track tumor growth in two very different cancers: bladder cancer and peripheral nerve tumors. Despite the differences between these cancers and their related biopsies, studies show the potential benefits of this relatively new tool in the fight against cancer. There are signs of gastritis or inflammation of the bladder that may also indicate bladder cancer. If additional signs and symptoms such as weight loss, vomiting and pain appear not only in the abdomen and defecation, you need to take the necessary measures, including gastroscopy. An MRI should also be done when vomiting. Chronic inflammation, especially gastritis, can lead to cancer; therefore, all persons 35 years of age and older are required undergoing gastroscopy once a year..

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A New Approach to Blocking an Immune Checkpoint (ICB) Treatments for Releasing the Brakes on the Immune System as an Effective Technique for Some Types of Cancer.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (130-167), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p130-167

Abstract

Aging is a condition in which the cell cycle is essentially irreversible and is caused by a variety of stressors such as obesity, radiation and chemotherapy. Aging cells that accumulate in the body during this period communicate with surrounding tissues through the production of pro-inflammatory proteins, called the SASP, and play a number of physiological and pathological roles. In the elderly, inflammatory agents of SASP increase various age-related diseases, including cancer; Therefore, clarification of the SASP monitoring mechanism is essential for the development of new prevention and treatment strategies against age-related cancer. A group of Cancer Research Institute (CRI) of California South University researchers have hypothesized that the abnormal chromatin architecture observed in aging cells is related to SASP, and have begun analyzing chromatin interaction at the genome level and gene expression using next-generation sequencing techniques. They showed that the region containing the pericentromeric repetitive sequences called Human Satellite II (hSATII), which is genetically inactive in normal cells, has a significant state in aging cells; In addition, non-coding RNA expression (hSATII RNA) was significantly regulated during cellular aging. Further analysis showed that hSATII RNA regulated the expression of SASP-like inflammatory genes by disrupting chromatin interactions in some regions of the SASP gene through dysfunction of the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), which is important for maintaining genomic integrity. Small extracellular vehicles (EVs) secreted by cancer cells and stromal cells are dynamically involved in the development and progression of non-cellular tumors in the tumor microenvironment, and surprisingly more than the amount of hSATII RNA in small EVs caused by aging cells. Thus, our data suggest that hSATII RNA derived from aging stromal cells is transported to surrounding cells via small EVs and acts as an SASP-like inflammatory agent in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the researchers found that hSATII RNA could be detected in cancer cells in surgical specimens of patients with primary colon cancer. Significantly, the population of hSATII-positive RNA cells was higher among cancer-associated fibroblasts than in fibroblasts in normal stromal tissues. These findings demonstrate the new role of hSATII RNA, which supports non-cellular tumor growth by secreting inflammatory agents similar to SASPs and small EVs. Understanding this molecular mechanism could facilitate new preventive and therapeutic development and provide solutions for future age-related injuries.

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Analysis of Clinical Risk Factors and Biological Markers of Proteins by Computed Tomography Imaging.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (168-205), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p168-205

Abstract

Despite an overall decrease in the incidence of lung cancer, the incidence of the disease is increasing among young people. According to research, this upward trend is due to reduced consumption of vitamin D in foods such as fish, mushrooms, eggs and milk. There is growing evidence of a link between vitamin D and the risk of death from lung cancer, but there is little research on whether vitamin D intake is associated with a risk of lung cancer (before age 50). Because vitamin D deficiency has been on the rise over the past few years, we looked at whether it could increase the risk of lung cancer in young people. The results of this study show that taking 300 units of vitamin D a day or more, roughly equivalent to three glasses of milk reduces the risk of lung cancer by about 50%. Previous studies have shown that taking more vitamin D is associated with a reduced risk of developing precancerous lung polyps before the age of 50. The findings are based on data from more than 94,000 women, part of a long-running study that began in 1989. They were 25 to 42 years old at the start of the study. It should be noted that the researchers did not find a significant association between vitamin D intake and the risk of lung cancer after age 50. Researchers say more research is needed to determine whether vitamin D actually provides more protection against lung cancer in young people. The researchers say the findings could lead to recommendations for getting more vitamin D as a low-cost supplement for screening tests to prevent lung cancer in adults under 50.

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Labeling of Nucleic Acids such as DNA or RNA for Monitoring Cancer Cells, Tissues and Tumors.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (206-243), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p206-243

Abstract

The "labeling" of nucleic acids (cell genetic information such as RNA or DNA) is not a new technology for monitoring them. However, current capabilities do not provide a complete picture of how tumor cells develop. What this platform, known as Clon Mapper, can do that was not possible before, is to go back in time and track how tumor cells change over time. This gives researchers the ability to see which cells "win" over fewer resistant cells, continue to clone themselves, and make the tumor more dangerous. By isolating these cells, researchers can better test which therapies work against them. Monitoring changes over time is the key to successful transmission therapies. Tumor cells adapt and become resistant to therapies, which is why patients can recover but experience a relapse later. This is one of the reasons why cancer treatment is so challenging; We do not have very good methods for early detection of cells sensitive to a drug and measuring their resistance. This resistance is the main cause of treatment failure in many cancer patients. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a low-grade B cancer that is often monitored for months or even years before active treatment is needed. This treatment depends a lot on the patient's close supervision. In this study, Clon Mapper focuses on identifying cells that mimic themselves, the speed at which this process takes place, and its effect on the growth rate of surrounding cells over time. This allows for a more accurate analysis of the cell population and may lead to more customized treatment plans for patients.

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Discover an Effective Mechanism for Faster Response of Immune Cells.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (244-281), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p244-281

Abstract

This study has discovered a new mechanism that involves inhibiting the organelle, the lysosome, and dormant that cell. This opens the way for lysosomes to potentially be used as a therapeutic target. Tens of thousands of people around the world receive bone marrow transplants each year to help treat leukemia. High doses of chemotherapy are used to quickly kill cancer cells, but they also kill the stem cells needed to reproduce healthy blood. Stem cell transplantation is used to regenerate a patient's healing blood source, but finding the right donor can be challenging, especially in different ethnic communities where the donor list may not be extensive or non-existent. Stem cells in cord blood are of considerable value as additional donor sources, but the number of stem cells is often too small for an adult recipient. Understanding how stem cells are activated and proliferated in a controlled manner can greatly benefit cord blood. The ability to control stem cell activation may also be helpful in situations where stem cells are improperly activated due to disease, inflammation, or drug treatment, and help maintain sleep. Learning how to maintain blood stem cells is essential. If that stem cell is activated improperly, it can have serious consequences for the blood system, because stem cells are not renewable. You have to do everything you can to keep that cell asleep, and one way is to block signals from its surface. It can also be used to help fully understand leukemia stem cells, which mimic normal stem cells and are sometimes able to sleep and escape treatment. It is now interesting to look at these leukemia stem cells and see how this mechanism is regulated. We may notice differences and use them for treatment.

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Detection of Cancerous Tissues without Previous Staining or Other Symptoms Using Artificial Intelligence (AI)

and Vibrational Biospectroscopic Methods and Techniques.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (282-309), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p282-309

Abstract

The CARTITUDE-1 study is a stage 1B / II clinical trial. The trial targeted B-cell maturation antigen by targeting CAR-T cell therapy in patients with multiple myeloma who had received at least three previous lines of treatment with standard drugs, including proteasome inhibitors, immunosuppressive drugs, and CD38 antibodies. Cilta-cel is made from the patient's own T cells, which is genetically engineered and is given as a single injection. The overall response rate to treatment was 97%, while the complete response rate and progression-free survival rate were 67% and 77%, respectively. The overall survival rate was 89%. Updates to this study were recently presented at the annual meeting of the American Clinical Oncology Association after our paper was accepted for publication in The Lancet. Our ASCO presentation showed a deeper response for patients receiving this treatment. These results are very impressive for patients with myeloma who have already undergone many treatment lines for their disease. It will be important to better understand the clinical features of patients who have experienced long-term recovery from this treatment and the mechanisms by which patients’ relapse. While it is not possible to formally conduct two separate single-arm studies on the idea of cells and cilia, the rate of dramatic response and progression-free survival of eyelash-treated patients is very interesting.

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An in-Depth Oncological and Mechanical Study of Lysosomes as Membrane-Bound Organs in Cancer Cells.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (310-348), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p310-348

Abstract

The research team made the discovery by conducting an in-depth mechanical study of lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organs in all cells. Lysosomes were once thought to be just "waste" stem cells, waste recycling, regulating cell regeneration and the same function on all cell types, but the PM team's research is based on new knowledge about lysosomes that shows they act as the main messaging centers and regulates long-term hematopoietic stem cells. Cancer arises from precancerous lesions of neoplasmic polyps, and the diagnosis and elimination of these lesions in the early stages, which are usually performed on endoscopic examinations, play an important role in preventing the progression of cancer in patients. However, sometimes it is difficult for doctors to diagnose tumorous and non-tumorous lesions on endoscopy, and unnecessary sampling creates additional stress and discomfort for patients. The power of artificial intelligence learning has been used to combine information from endoscopic images and the findings of specialist physicians. This technology analyzes images of lesion areas taken with an endoscope. If AI detects that a bowel lesion is possibly a tumor, a "high probability" message is displayed, and if the system concludes that the bowel lesion may not be related to a cancerous tumor, a "low possibility" message is displayed. The new software is designed to communicate directly with endoscopic equipment and automatically notify your doctor during the endoscopy process which areas are prone to cancer and which areas are not yet infected with tumors. Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Europe, and researchers hope to use new technology to help doctors fight the deadly disease..

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Overcoming Immune Depletion as the Main Goal of Developing New Therapies for Cancer or Severe Viral Infections .

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (349-387), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p349-387

Abstract

It is widely known that severe viral infections and cancer disrupt the immune system, including T cells, a process called "immune fatigue." Overcoming immune depletion is the main goal of developing new therapies for cancer or severe viral infections. Called Tpex cells, they can maintain their function for a long time. The novel ketogenic metabolism (KMT) based on ketogenic regimens are considered as a potential option or adjunctive therapy for disease control, brain tumor progression. This type of treatment is a non-toxic, complementary or alternative diet that uses a low-carb, high-fat diet to treat a variety of malignancies, including glioblastoma. Over the past few decades, ketogenic diets have become prominent in the field of fitness, in fact, this has been important for people suffering from epilepsy. In addition to the long-term therapeutic effect of the ketogenic diet, the vital role of metabolism in the health and disease of the central nervous system and throughout the body is well known. New studies have shown that using personal metabolism to fight some tumors may be helpful. After adopting a ketogenic diet, a patient showed that he had refused treatment for his brain tumor and had developed a fatal glioblastoma tumor. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a rapidly growing brain tumor also known as grade 4 astrocytoma, which penetrates the tissues around the brain and kills about 15,000 people a year and is incurable. GBM, like changes in the standard of treatment and the development of new safe therapies, has not increased significantly since GBM. GBM, like malignant tumors, depends on the simultaneous restriction of fermentable fuels such as glucose and glutamine for energy synthesis and survival.

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Difference between an Optimal Immune Response as Aims to Kill Cancer and an Unwanted Response as Affect Healthy Tissue.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (388-425), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p388-425

Abstract

In recent years, immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer; However, inflammatory reactions in healthy tissues often have side effects that can be serious and lead to permanent discontinuation of treatment. This toxicity is not yet well understood and is a major obstacle to the use of immunotherapy. When the immune system is so severely activated, the resulting inflammatory reaction can have detrimental effects and sometimes serious damage to healthy tissue. We wanted to know if there was a difference between an optimal immune response that aims to kill cancer and an unwanted response that could affect healthy tissue. Identifying the distinctive elements between these two immune responses allows the development of new, more effective and less toxic therapeutic approaches. Cancer cells eat themselves to survive. Cancer cell membranes are currently the focus of research showing a new way to save cancer cells. With this method, cancer cells can repair the damage that causes them to die. Damage to the cell membrane must be repaired quickly. Cancer cells use a method called macropinocytosis, which is now a well-known tool for cells in other tissues. In this procedure, a healthy cell membrane is pulled over the affected area and the hole is closed within minutes. Then, the damaged part of the cell membrane breaks down into small spheres and is transferred to the "lysosome" of the cells, which is like their stomach. One of the most dangerous features of cancer is that it spreads throughout the body. If tumors develop in new parts of the body, the disease becomes more difficult to treat and usually requires a wider range of treatments; especially when cancer cells spread to tissues in the body that are prone to membrane damage.

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Amyloid Mimetic Protein Potentially Eliminates Cancer-Associated p53 Mutant Accumulation and Restores Tumor Suppressor Function.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (426-463), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p426-463

Abstract

The team first screened a set of protein mimics originally designed to target Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. The results identify a mimicry of the protein that potentially isolates the mutated p53 material and prevents further protein accumulation. The researchers then showed that segregation of mutated p53 grains by protein mimicking restored the suppressive function of the p53 tumor, leading to the death of a wide range of cancer cells. Importantly, protein mimicry therapy effectively reduces tumors that contain mutated p53 while showing no significant toxins for healthy tissue, resulting in significantly longer survival. "As the prevalence of cancer increases worldwide, there is an urgent need for new cancer therapies to complement or replace existing therapies", said the study's lead author. Here we show the first successful use of a small molecule amyloid inhibitor as an anticancer agent. We believe that this will have a far-reaching impact, as it effectively bridges the gap between amyloid disease and cancer and is the basis for passing on information approaches in the design of new and robust cancer mutation therapies for the p53 mutation.

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The Strong, Highly Amplifying Binding of NUP98-HOXA9 Proteins to DNA Leads to Greater Activity of This Agent Which Predisposes to the Formation of Invasive Leukemias.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (464-501), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p464-501

Abstract

The cell cycle of such a subject has been thoroughly studied, yet here we are examining for the second time that we have entered a new phase; Biology always has new insights to show us. This data was amazing. This map is based on this beautiful circular pattern that we have identified as all the different stages of the cell cycle. Have a disease. When Placer and colleagues used the ccAF tool to analyze cell data for glioma tumors, we found that tumor cells were often in the G0 or G1 nerve growth state. With tumor aggression, fewer cells remain at rest in the G0 nerve state. This means that more cells are growing and growing in the tumor. The discovery is the first clear evidence of chromatin rings created by phase separation. It seems that this new class of rings, by binding chromatin regulatory regions to cancer genes, promotes it, thereby increasing the expression of cancer and lethality genes. Overall, the complex interactions of biology, physics, and genetics within the cell are now better understood because of this new research finding. Scientists hope to conduct more experiments in the laboratory to study specific aspects of this process in living organisms and other diseases in the near future.

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Understanding Cellular Metabolism (How Cells Use Energy) in Treating a Wide Range of Diseases Including Vascular Disease and Cancer.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (502-539), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p502-539

Abstract

Understanding cellular metabolism (how cells use energy) can be key in treating a wide range of diseases, including vascular disease and cancer. Although many techniques can measure these processes in tens of thousands of cells, researchers have not been able to measure them at the single-cell level. Researchers have used a genetically encoded biosensor with artificial intelligence to measure glycolysis. (Process of converting glucose to energy, single endothelial cells, blood vessel cells). Was found that when these cells moved and contracted, we used more glucose, and we also found that the cells absorbed glucose through an unknown receptor. Understanding this trend could lead to better treatments for cancer and vascular disease, including Covid-19. Understanding cellular metabolism is of global importance. By measuring unicellular metabolism, we have a potentially new way of treating a wide range of diseases. This is the first time we can visualize cellular metabolism at different temporal and spatial scales, even at the subcellular level, which could change the language and approach of researchers to study cellular metabolism.

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Discover an Effective Way to Treat a Rare Brain Cancer in Children.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (540-577), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p540-577

Abstract

Meduloblastoma is a rare but devastating brain cancer in children. The cancer can spread through the spinal fluid and deposit elsewhere in the brain or spine. Radiation therapy to the whole brain and spine, followed by an extra dose of radiation to the back of the brain, prevented this spread and became the standard of care. However, radiation used to treat such tumors causes damage to the brain and impairs cognitive function. It affects, especially in young patients whose brains are growing. Was observed a higher rate of tumor recurrence and spread in young patients who received lower doses of spinal cord radiation therapy. It is generally not safe to reduce the radiation dose in children with medulloblastoma even if we know that low doses may reduce their cognitive function, so we are only conducting studies with these specific patients to see if we can safely reduce the radiation dose for Reduce them or not. The results of this study will play an important role in designing the next generation of clinical trials for children with medulloblastoma..

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Study of a Type of DNA Damage Called "Alkylation" in Cancer Cells.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (578-615), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p578-615

Abstract

In this recent study, DNA data from 900 patients with colorectal cancer were reviewed. Analysis of the data showed a distinct mutation signature, a pattern that had never been identified before but indicated a type of DNA damage called "alkylation." Red meat contains chemicals that can cause alkylation. High levels of tumor alkylation damage are seen only in patients who consume an average of more than 150 grams of meat per day, roughly equivalent to two or more meals. On the other hand, a group of researchers in 2019 in a controversial conclusion stated that they do not have much confidence in reducing deaths from colon cancer by avoiding red meat. Future research may help physicians determine which patients are genetically predisposed to alkylation damage, so we are advised to reduce their red meat intake. Identifying patients who have already shown symptoms of the mutation can help identify those who are at higher risk for cancer or early-stage disease, and since alkylation damage appears to indicate survival, it can He used it to tell patients' prognosis. Finally, understanding the biological pathway through which colon cancer occurs paves the way for drugs that stop or reverse the process and prevent the disease. The message of this study is not that people should avoid red meat altogether: My advice is to have a balanced diet.

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Synthesis of a New Nano Drug for Treatment of Lung Cancer Caused by Genetic Mutations.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (616-653), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p616-653

Abstract

According to the results of a global phase 2 clinical trial, the new drug sotorasib reduces tumor size and promises to improve and increase survival in patients with lung tumors caused by specific DNA mutations. It is designed to counteract the effects of mutations that are seen in about 13% of patients with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (a common type of lung cancer). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 28 approved the drug as a targeted treatment for patients with small cell lung cancer whose tumors express a specific mutation called G12C in the KRAS gene. Small cell lung cancer accounts for more than 80% of lung cancers. More than 200,000 new cases of non-small cell lung cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year. Expected with this approach is a new option for patients with lung cancer who are driven by this particular type of KRAS gene mutation. KRAS gene modification has long been unacceptable for targeted therapies. A number of combination diets are being tested here at the Cancer Research Institute (CRI) and other leading cancer centers around the world. These are highlights of what the California South University (CSU) has done in the past to study the genomic variations of tumors to identify therapeutic targets; this preliminary research on the cancer genome is now in full swing to help our patients.

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Diagnosis and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Miniature Biosensors and Biomarkers.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (654-691), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p654-691

Abstract

By placing a soft, sensitive device on the skin, you may be able to quickly detect non-invasive skin disorders in real time. A research team led by a scientist from California South University (CSU) has designed a simple electromechanical device that can be used to automatically and non-invasively diagnose deep tissue pathology such as psoriasis. These findings form the basis for future applications in the clinical evaluation of skin cancers or skin diseases. Electromechanical systems that enable accurate and rapid measurements of the soft tissues of the human body can provide useful clinical information for monitoring, diagnosing, and treating various pathologies, especially skin lesions. However, existing diagnostic evaluations, such as elastography, are available. With magnetic resonance, it usually involves huge instruments in hospitals and trained physicians, and the latest measurement-based tissue stiffness measurement technology can only measure the surface depth of the upper skin up to the micrometer scale.

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New Drug Reduces Tumor Size and Promises to Improve and Increase Survival in Patients with Lung Tumors Caused by Specific DNA Mutations.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (692-729), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p692-729

Abstract

According to the results of a global phase 2 clinical trial, the new drug sotorasib reduces tumor size and promises to improve and increase survival in patients with lung tumors caused by specific DNA mutations. It is designed to counteract the effects of mutations that are seen in about 13% of patients with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (a common type of lung cancer). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 28 approved the drug as a targeted treatment for patients with small cell lung cancer whose tumors express a specific mutation called G12C in the KRAS gene. Small cell lung cancer accounts for more than 80% of lung cancers. More than 200,000 new cases of non-small cell lung cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year. Clinically demonstrated KRAS mutant lung cancer in patients with this particular type without any new safety concerns. Moving forward, the team is working to learn about the development of combination therapies with sotorasib and other emerging drugs, and to determine which direction is best for each patient's cancer cells. Researchers are currently conducting a phase 3 clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of sotorasib with a chemotherapy drug called docetaxel in 345 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and this KRA mutation..

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Performing Breast Surgery to Treat Cancer Using Differential Diagnoses, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (730-767), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p730-767

Abstract

When it comes to the microbiome, people usually think of the gut, but there is also the breast microbiome, and its role in the health and risk of breast cancer is not fully understood. A microbiome is a collection of microorganisms that live in a specific environment in the body. Diet can affect the breast microbiome, which shows that like the gut microbiome, breast microbiomes can respond to diet. New research now shows that diet, including fish oil supplements, can alter not only the breast microbiome but also its cancerous tumors. Other treatments include rehabilitation, nerve block, injection of anesthetic, Botox in painful muscles and finally surgery. If they do not respond to routine treatments. Rehabilitation in these patients includes various steps such as stretching the pectoralis and latissimus dorsi muscles, improving and maintaining range of motion, shoulder joint, correcting shoulder girdle function, anterior and posterior chest, specific training for proper return and Gradual to daily life and work.

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Engineering T Cells and Creating Engineering Design Criteria to Mechanically Optimize Cells.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (768-805), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p768-805

Abstract

A groundbreaking study led by engineering and medical researchers at the California South University (CSU) shows how immune cells engineered in new cancer therapies can overcome physical barriers so that the patient's own immune system can fight tumors. This research could improve the future of millions of cancer patients worldwide. Immunotherapy, instead of using chemicals or radiation, is a type of cancer treatment that helps the patient's immune system fight cancer. T cells are a type of white blood cell that is essential for the body's immune system. Cytotoxic T cells are like soldiers searching for and destroying target invading cells. Although there has been success in using immunotherapy for some types of cancer in the blood or blood-producing organs, T cell work is much more difficult in solid tumors. Mice tested for immunotherapy and vaccine were 75 percent more likely to recover than mice tested for vaccine alone. This new treatment with a promising vaccine is a promising treatment for a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer and breast cancer. The German team has announced that the new method is now being tested in a phase 1 human experiment.

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Introducing Cryoablation as a Solution for Elimination of Breast Tumors under Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations without Surgery.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (806-844), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p806-844

Abstract

Unprecedented studies have shown that slow-growing breast cancers can be treated with highly targeted tumor cryopreservation technology without the need for surgery. Experiments show that this method is effective in women with low-risk breast cancer over the age of 60. Cryoablation is a solution that eliminates breast tumors safely, quickly and painlessly or without the need for surgery. Takes. This method exposes the patient's tissues to severe cold to remove them without the need for anesthesia in the clinic. The new study, which involved about 200 women, found that after eliminating low-risk breast cancer, patients were left without cancer for three years. This treatment can be used to treat cancers of the bone, kidney, prostate and other types. Unlike lumpectomy or mastectomy, which involves removing the breast from the body, cryoectomy or cryopreservation of tumors preserve breast size, reduce the risk of infection and prevent scarring, and allow patients to function normally quickly, the researchers said. Resume yourself.

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Effect of Coronavirus on Exacerbation of Lung Cancer.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (845-883), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p845-883

Abstract

Early and timely diagnosis of any disease, especially cancer; Increases the chances of treatment and recovery; Therefore, it is better to be aware of the symptoms of lung cancer in the continuation of this article. It is advisable to first get acquainted with the causes of lung cancer so that we can assess our situation. The most important causes of lung cancer are smoking and other tobacco products, genetic mutations and family history. Second- and third-hand cigarette smoke and environmental pollutants such as air pollution also play a role in the development of this cancer. Of course, the role of colorless gas and the smell of radon and occupational exposure to compounds such as asbestos, arsenic and nickel should not be overlooked. Once we know the causes of lung cancer, we can look at its symptoms in our body. The most important symptoms of lung cancer are persistent cough, fatigue and lack of energy, and unexplained weight loss. Coughs such as coughing up blood and shortness of breath are other important symptoms of this cancer. Stomach, back, shoulder, and chest pain, as well as pain in the head, neck, and jaw, are other symptoms. In order to prevent lung cancer, special points should be considered, which we will mention in the following. The main advice is to avoid smoking and also not to be exposed to secondhand smoke; Therefore, avoid using any tobacco and quit if you smoke. People who are in work situations and exposure to things like asbestos should try to minimize this exposure and use breathing masks. Opening windows and covering cracks in walls and floors is important to reduce radon concentrations. It is recommended to eat more vegetables and fruits, especially cabbage, orange vegetables and garlic. It is important to note that awareness of the symptoms of the disease is very important for early diagnosis and thus increase the chances of treatment.

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Diagnosing Leukemia Using Peripheral Blood Morphology, Biopsy or Bone Marrow Sampling, Flow Cytometry and Genetic Testing.

Alireza Heidari, Elena Locci and Silvia Raymond.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.9, (884-921), November 12, 2021.

DOI: tiny.cc/PJSE24476153v7i9p884-921

Abstract

Leukemia occurs when a person's entire bone marrow tissue space is occupied by cancer cells or blasts that are young, dysfunctional, undifferentiated, and proliferating cells. In this situation, there is no space left for the bone marrow to be able to produce normal blood cells such as platelets, red and white blood cells. These patients suffer from severe bleeding due to decreased platelets or due to a decrease in white blood cells, which are often diagnosed with dangerous infections that cause death in these patients. The exact cause of leukemias is not yet known, but a number of factors have been identified that play a role in the development of these cancers, including high doses of radiation or atomic radiation, prolonged exposure to certain chemicals, and some Mentioned viruses and some genetic diseases such as Down syndrome or underlying diseases. People who live in the same house with these patients should also follow the hygienic instructions and use the mask seriously, because if they get Covid-19 disease, they can endanger the lives of these patients; therefore, these patients and those who come in contact with them should strictly follow the health instructions and quarantine conditions. Most of these patients have an emergency situation and if the bone marrow is not transplanted in time, their disease will recur. The response to treatment is very difficult. Some patients do not have an emergency situation, such as those with thalassemia, about whom we can wait and their bone marrow transplant is delayed. The treatment of these patients did not happen and we continued the treatment process of the patients with the same seriousness and speed of the previous years.

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