v.5 n.1 February

Parana Journal of Science and Education. v.5, n.1, February (2019).

Summary

Articles

Einstein's hypothesis is confirmed by the example of the Schwarzschild problem.

Ricardo Gobato, Victoria Alexandrovna Kuzmicheva, Valery Borisovich Morozov.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.5, n.1, (1-6), February 1, 2019.

DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3870567

Abstract

The Newtonian gravity law was deduced with a correction for a non-zero density of a gravity field. The new gravity law is virtually almost entirely congruent with the Schwarzschild attraction law in a zone somewhat distant from the Schwarzschild radius. This confirms with great certainty the hypothesis of A. Einstein that the energy of the gravitational field contributes to the gravitational field. In addition, this contribution is of the same order as the contribution of the Schwarzschild solution. This leads to the conclusion that the energy of the gravitational field should play a large role in the general theory of relativity.

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Design and synthesis of two steroid-oxirane-carboxamide derivatives.

Lauro Figueroa Valverde, Maria Lopez Ramos, Francisco Diaz Cedillo, Abelardo Camacho Luis, Marcela Rosas Nexticapa, María Virginia del Socorro Mateu Armand, Raquel Estrella Barron, Eduardo Pool Gómez, Lenin Hau Heredia, Alfonso Jiménez Alondra, Jhair Cabrera Tuz.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.5, n.1, (7-19), February 1, 2019.

DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3870569

Abstract

There are several studies to preparation of oxirane-derivatives which use several reagents such as chlorophyll, ethyl bromoacetate, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, potassium hydroxide, dimethyldioxiran and others; nevertheless, expensive reagents and special conditions are required. The aim of this study was synthesizing two novel steroid-oxirane using some reactions; the first stage was achieved by the preparation of two steroid-propargylic-ether (3 or 4) via reaction of 2-nitroestrone or 2-nitroestradiol with 5-hexyn-1-ol. The second stage involves the synthesis of two steroid-dioxa derivatives (5 or 6) via intramolecular addition from 3 or 4 using Copper(II) as catalyst. Then, 5 or 6 were reacted with ethylenediamine to form two steroid-amino derivatives (7 or 8). Following, the compounds 9 or 10 were prepared through of reaction of 7 or 8 with chloroacetylchloride. Finally, 9 or 10 reacted with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde to synthesis of two oxirane-steroid derivatives (11 or 12). The structure of steroid-oxirane analogs was confirmed via spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. In conclusion, a facile procedure for the preparation of two steroid-oxirane derivatives was developed in this study.

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Por que o sapo pula? Uma aventura no mundo natural.

Amauri Betini Bartoszeck, Yong-Chiang Chang

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.5, n.1, (20-27), February 1, 2019.

DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3870579

Abstract

Children enrolled in preschool and elementary school have a basic knowledge of day-to-day amphibians, whether they see them in the garden of the house or garden, or when seen near ditches or wetlands in neighborhoods where they live or through the media . The urbanization of the environment where children live has kept the children from the natural world. This preliminary investigation evaluated how children ages 4 to 10 represent the frog by drawing and what they know about muscle contraction that makes the toad jump. Complementary alternatives are suggested small illustrated stories of a scientific nature, where the narrative makes pleasant the understanding of the more technical content, as well as experiences of activities outside the school and assembly of equipment of reduced price for execution of practical classes.

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Dioramas of the natural world: Brazilian primary school pupils´ drawings.

Amauri Betini Bartoszeck, Cássia Gabrielli Padilha, Sue Dale Tunnicliffe.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.5, n.1, (28-40), February 1, 2019.

DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3870585

Abstract

People come to the museum to look at natural history dioramas with a wealth of previous relevant knowledge and experience as well as expectations, which may differ amongst members of the same visiting group. The museum which houses the dioramas also has its own “voice” heard through in the context in which the dioramas are sited and in the form that the dioramas take as well as interpretations provided about the content, the story of the dioramas from the perspective ecological and geographic. This exploratory study considers which impact wildlife dioramas may have on the content of drawings performed by twenty-eight girls and thirty-one boys enrolled in a private school. Children´s understanding about organisms may be investigated by examining the mental model revealed through their drawings, their expressed model, of what they anticipate they will see and what they recall they have seen after such a visit. The mental model is the scientific knowledge (appearance of the animal and its ecological habitat). Children from this investigation revealed in their post-visit representations a larger knowledge mainly of mammals and birds but almost nothing about ecological relationships and plants.

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The General Theory of Relativity, a New Iteration

Valery Borisovich Morozov.

Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.5, n.1, (41-50), February 21, 2019.

DOI: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3870589

Abstract

A general theory of relativity is formulated without Einstein’s equation. Einstein’s tensor ties the space metric to the stress-energy tensor of a gravitational field. A homogeneous isotropic field metric is under consideration. In particular, the metric for a homogeneous isotropic universe possesses the anticipated density of our own universe. The speed of time progression at a distance from the observer slows according to an acceleration law asymptotically equal to Hubble’s Law. A continuous field is homogeneous within the limits of small domains. This makes it possible to write a metric for a general continuous field and the single parameter given by the wave equation. The Schwarzschild problem has a continuous solution for r > 0. This solution approaches the Schwarzschild solution beyond the Schwarzschild radius and a second solution is obtained from the Schwarzschild problem - a stationary, expulsive, self-consistent field.

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Parana Journal of Science and Education. ISSN 2447-6153