v.7 n.2 March
Parana Journal of Science and Education. v.7, n.2, March (2021)
Parana Journal of Science and Education. v.7, n.2, March (2021)
Summary
Summary
Articles
Articles
Alireza Heidari.
Alireza Heidari.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.2, (1-33), March 1, 2021.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.2, (1-33), March 1, 2021.
Abstract
Abstract
In the current research, the stimulated FT–IR spectrum are obtained through pumping the second harmonic beam laser Nd:YAG and it is performed by a spectrometer and detector. The resulted spectra and their characteristics are investigated here. Lopinavir is an antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. It is used against HIV infections as a fixed–dose combination with another protease inhibitor, ritonavir (lopinavir/ritonavir). In the current research, the stimulated FT–IR biospectroscopy of liquid sample of Lopinavir was investigated. The stimulated FT–IR diffractions emitted through focusing the second harmonic laser beam Nd:YAG into the sample were recorded by Echelle spectrometer and ICCD detector. Increasing the energy of laser beam from 2.6 (mJ) to 16 (mJ) was led to increase in stimulated FT–IR signal but after breakdown threshold of liquid sample, more increasing of energy was led to decrease in stimulate FT–IR signals and for energies higher than 20 (mJ), they were disappeared. The stimulated FT–IR biospectroscopy test was performed for liquid sample of Lopinavir. The main band at 3123 (cm–1) shows an intensity level comparable to pumping laser intensity. The intensity of stimulated FT–IR spectrum at 16 (mJ) energy level is the highest intensity in this test and more increasing the energy level reduces the intensity of spectrum. The reason for this reduction is creation of spark in the Lopinavir liquid due to increase in energy of laser more than the breakdown threshold of Lopinavir.
In the current research, the stimulated FT–IR spectrum are obtained through pumping the second harmonic beam laser Nd:YAG and it is performed by a spectrometer and detector. The resulted spectra and their characteristics are investigated here. Lopinavir is an antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. It is used against HIV infections as a fixed–dose combination with another protease inhibitor, ritonavir (lopinavir/ritonavir). In the current research, the stimulated FT–IR biospectroscopy of liquid sample of Lopinavir was investigated. The stimulated FT–IR diffractions emitted through focusing the second harmonic laser beam Nd:YAG into the sample were recorded by Echelle spectrometer and ICCD detector. Increasing the energy of laser beam from 2.6 (mJ) to 16 (mJ) was led to increase in stimulated FT–IR signal but after breakdown threshold of liquid sample, more increasing of energy was led to decrease in stimulate FT–IR signals and for energies higher than 20 (mJ), they were disappeared. The stimulated FT–IR biospectroscopy test was performed for liquid sample of Lopinavir. The main band at 3123 (cm–1) shows an intensity level comparable to pumping laser intensity. The intensity of stimulated FT–IR spectrum at 16 (mJ) energy level is the highest intensity in this test and more increasing the energy level reduces the intensity of spectrum. The reason for this reduction is creation of spark in the Lopinavir liquid due to increase in energy of laser more than the breakdown threshold of Lopinavir.
Alireza Heidari.
Alireza Heidari.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.2, (34-67), March 1, 2021.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.2, (34-67), March 1, 2021.
Abstract
Abstract
In the current paper, the relationship between surface synchrotron resonance spectrum of a CdO nanoparticles array and size of nanoparticles and distance between them are studied. The agreement between the measured spectra of spontaneous periodic structures with the results of simulation was investigated through evaluating ellipsoidal approximation limits. The results show that the behavior of two neighboring spherical nanoparticles can be approximated with an equivalent ellipsoidal nanoparticle where their distance from each other is less than four times of nanoparticle radius and in higher distances, this approximation is not appropriate.
In the current paper, the relationship between surface synchrotron resonance spectrum of a CdO nanoparticles array and size of nanoparticles and distance between them are studied. The agreement between the measured spectra of spontaneous periodic structures with the results of simulation was investigated through evaluating ellipsoidal approximation limits. The results show that the behavior of two neighboring spherical nanoparticles can be approximated with an equivalent ellipsoidal nanoparticle where their distance from each other is less than four times of nanoparticle radius and in higher distances, this approximation is not appropriate.
Stefan Bernhard Rüster.
Stefan Bernhard Rüster.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.2, (68-73), March 1, 2021.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.2, (68-73), March 1, 2021.
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this article is to demonstrate, that there exist exact, very compact, and analytic expressions for the perihelion shift and the light-deflection angle by using the Schwarzschild metric. In the derivations, no approximations are made, which is in contrast to so far existing ones. The author computes the perihelion shifts of the respective planets in our solar system as well as the light-deflection angle of a light ray, which passes the radius of our sun. Since the formulas are exact, the results can be shown up to a very high accuracy, wherefore they are given with many decimal places.
The aim of this article is to demonstrate, that there exist exact, very compact, and analytic expressions for the perihelion shift and the light-deflection angle by using the Schwarzschild metric. In the derivations, no approximations are made, which is in contrast to so far existing ones. The author computes the perihelion shifts of the respective planets in our solar system as well as the light-deflection angle of a light ray, which passes the radius of our sun. Since the formulas are exact, the results can be shown up to a very high accuracy, wherefore they are given with many decimal places.
Stefan Bernhard Rüster.
Stefan Bernhard Rüster.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.2, (74-76), March 23, 2021.
Parana J. Sci. Educ., v.7, n.2, (74-76), March 23, 2021.
Abstract
Abstract
In this article, the author expresses the elliptic integrals of all kinds by binomial series and a recursion formula. This demonstrates, that all elliptic integrals are analytic functions. The expressions are directly derivable from the respective elliptic integrals and are useful for the usage of small values for the parameter and the characteristic, since in such cases the series can be broken off earlier. For larger values of the latter ones, the convergence of the series is much slower as the hitherto known methods, but they are nevertheless appropriable.
In this article, the author expresses the elliptic integrals of all kinds by binomial series and a recursion formula. This demonstrates, that all elliptic integrals are analytic functions. The expressions are directly derivable from the respective elliptic integrals and are useful for the usage of small values for the parameter and the characteristic, since in such cases the series can be broken off earlier. For larger values of the latter ones, the convergence of the series is much slower as the hitherto known methods, but they are nevertheless appropriable.
Parana J Sci Educ. ISSN: 2447-6153
Parana J Sci Educ. ISSN: 2447-6153