Monocots
Alismatales - Lemna minor (duckweed) a model system for botany research
Lilioids
Commelinales - kangaroo paw, bird of paradise (Strelitzia)
Zingiberales - banana. cardamom
Poales - barley, maize, millet, rice, wheat, grasses, cattails
Petrosaviales - palm
Commelinoids
Asparagales - agave, aloe, onion, leek, garlic, asparagus, vanilla, freesia, iris, orchid, lily of the valley, amaryllis, daffodil (Narcissus), joshua tree
Liliales - tulip
Dioscoreales - yam
Petrosaviales
Magnolids ~ Magnolias & Wild Gingers
Laurales - cinnamon, avocado
Magnoliales - magnolia
Piperales - black and white pepper
Eudicots **Note: this list is not exhaustive!**
Carophyllaids ~ Carnations, Cacti & Carnivores (specially adapted to stressful environments)
Carophyllaceae - carnation
Amaranthaceae - spinach, beet, quinoa, chard
Portulacaceae - succulent
Cactaceae - cacti
Didiereaceae - ocotillo
Aizoaceae - 'carpetweeds' - invasives worldwide
Polygonaceae - 'smartweeds'
Ranunculids ~ Buttercup family
Berberidaceae
Menispermaceae
Papaveraceae - poppy, bleeding-heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis)
Proteales
Nelumbonaceae - lotus lily
Platanaceae - sycamore
Proteaceae - macademia
Rosids
Eurosids I
Sapindales - citrus, maple, cashew, mahogony, neem
Malvales - cacao (chocolate), kola, okra, cotton
Brassicales - mustard, cabbage, papaya
Eurosids II
Fagales - beech, birch, walnut, oak, chestnut
Curcurbitales - begonia, gourd (squash, pumpkin, melon, cucumber)
Rosales - roses, strawberries, apples, pears, plums, peaches, apricots, almonds, hops, cannabis
Fabales - legumes, soybean, pea, lupine, wisteria
Oxalidales - pitcher plant, wood sorrel
Malpighiales - violets, willow, poplar, flax, pansy
Geraniales - geranium
Myrtales - evening primrose, myrtle, mangrove
Vitales - grapes
Saxifragales - currant, Jade plant
Asterids
Euasterids I
Gentianales - coffee, Pentas
Lamiales - jasmine, olive, ash, mint, basil, rosemary, sage, savory, majoram, oregano, thyme, lavender, chia
Solanales - pepper, tomato, eggplant, tobacco
Boraginaceae - borage, heliotrope, forget-me-not
Euasterids II
Aquifoliales - holly
Apiales - ginseng, carrot, dill, parsley, fennel
Asterales - chamomile, lettuce, marigold, cornflower, aster, cosmos, chrysanthemum
Dipscales - honeysuckle
Cornales - dogwood, hydrangea
Ericales - phlox, brazilnut, ebony, primrose, tea, camellia
Santalales - mistletoe
References: http://www.botany.wisc.edu/courses/botany_400/