Sensor Networks Definition

ece.ncsu.edu

A sensor network is a group of specialized transducers with a communications infrastructure intended to monitor and record conditions at diverse locations.

Commonly monitored parameters are:

  • temperature,

  • humidity,

  • pressure,

  • wind direction and

  • speed,

  • illumination intensity,

  • vibration intensity,

  • sound intensity,

  • power-line voltage,

  • chemical concentrations,

  • pollutant levels and

  • vital body functions.

A sensor network consists of multiple detection stations called sensor nodes, each of which is small, lightweight and portable. Every sensor node is equipped with a:

  • transducer,

  • microcomputer,

  • transceiver and

  • power source.

The transducer generates electrical signals based on sensed physical effects and phenomena. The microcomputer processes and stores the sensor output. The transceiver, which can be hard-wired or wireless, receives commands from a central computer and transmits data to that computer. The power for each sensor node is derived from the electric utility or from a battery.

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