The article "Native American Identity", written by Perry G. Horse all boils down to recognizing that native identity does not reflect the inner workings of your true identity. The conflict within is that Native American identity is multifaceted, meaning there are multiple ways that Native American identity is or can be represented. Which then birthed the idea of providing a label for us by the government which became known as American Indian or also now known as Native American. All the while , being at a disadvantage in society due to white privilege being seen in almost any form of everyday life. We are different from other Americans because of the recognition from the government and the ways we utilize our given sovereignty. Also knowing that you're true native identity is always reflected from within and the actions you make as opposed to what is seen from appearance on the outside.

Horse, Perry G. “Native American Identity.” New Directions for Student Services, no. 109, © Wiley Periodicals, Inc, 2005. Pp. 61-68.

Velasquez Jr, Troy. "Take my Picture”. 2021. Personal Image.

This article provided by the European Centre for River Restoration is focused on the idea of providing ways in which River Restoration can be beneficial to the affected area. One thing to remember is that Aquatic Biodiversity thrives in irregularly shaped beds and river banks. Underneath the water surface, a culmination of processes are happening along the bed. An example of this is how natural groundwater flows within Riverbanks encourage biological purification processes that lead to cleaner water, which affects both humans and animals. A key characteristic of restoring rivers is that it aids biodiversity by rehabilitating ecosystems and processes that were initially there which occur naturally. One way in which restoration is done is by re-meandering a river, that means to re-institute the curves of a river. Climate change also poses an issue to aquatic biodiversity through reducing water flows, increasing drought periods, and flood events, along with rising temperatures in rivers. Some reasons why restoring rivers can be beneficial for biodiversity include a controlled realignment to help increase water storage, planting trees that reside along the bank provide shade thus reducing water temperature. A River Restoration case was also included to provide an example of restoration efforts. A floodlands area in The Netherlands once affected by human navigation and silt removal is now a restoration project to manage flood risk, at the same time bettering conditions for nature, Thanks to these restoration efforts rare species of water plants have emerged again. Even housing thousands of White fronted geese during the wintertime.

“River Restoration and Biodiversity”. European Center for River Restoration. 2019. https://www.ecrr.org/River-Restoration/Habitats-and-biodiversity.

Velasquez Jr, Troy. “Upstream”. 2021. Personal Image

This article provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration talks about how rivers depending on regional differences create distinct habitats which provide ideal ecosystems for different species and stages of life. Rivers also hold three distinct habitats within themselves. First is the river bed or the channel itself, the river banks, commonly referred to as “the Riparian zone”, which encompasses trees, and water loving animals and plants, and the floodplains. River habitats are important because of everything that depends on rivers such as Irrigation, hydroelectricity, transportation, Recreation/tourism, Clean water for consumption, and flood protection. There are challenges for rivers in the way of dams which block migratory dish from returning to spawning grounds, Hardshore lines increase the velocity of water speeding up the erosion of banks, Farm runoff such as fertilizers and pesticides seep into the water supply contamination it, riverside development takes away shade trees increasing water temperatures. It also mentioned some things we can do to help rivers which include knowing where your water comes from, reducing hard surface runoff, and practicing smart lawn care. A case study from an Eel River Watershed restoration project was included. This watershed has had a decline in salmon/steelhead production since the 1950's. But the NOAA Restoration center along with other partners achieved their restoration goals in restoring 400 acres of estuary habitats, Removed the Benbow dam opening 98 miles of spawning ground up, and improving spawning habitat.

“River Habitat”. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2021. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/habitat-conservation/river-habitat.

Velasquez Jr, Troy.”Brothas’ on a Bridge”. 2021. Personal image.

In this video provided by the California Biodiversity Collaborative, they are currently within a project to create wildlife overpass crossing transiting to the Santa Monica Mountains. This project is to provide a genetic barrier for wildlife such as mountain lions to move freely from one side to the other. A key part of this project is to provide connectivity to ensure a sustainable environment which consists of engineering a channel for water to flow. This new channel will aid the area's sustainability by providing water to the surrounding plant life. Thus providing plants for wildlife to take advantage of as well as creating a new habitat for them. The project also involved planting 46 different species of plants to ensure a diverse ecosystem for the wildlife that choose to reside in that area.

“Wildlife 101 Crossing Underpass Restoration”. Youtube. Uploaded by RCDSMM, 8 May 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kGF6fob7DRE&t=108s.

Velasquez Jr, Troy. “Brother Bear”. 2021. Personal Image.

According to Nita Rudra, in “Globalization and Water Crisis in Developing Countries”, The “Environmental Challenges” are increasing for developing countries. These challenges could include pollution, unsafe water sources, depletion of natural resources, etc. As a result of such factors, many implications come from them such as death, disease, and disability. Drinkable water is the lifeline to all aspects in a society, a threat to it is generally the most critical environmental challenge that needs to be addressed. Many deaths, up to 1.7 million are caused from drinking unsafe water. It is believed that in order to alleviate the problems, developing countries can invest in “environmentally friendly Infrastructure and Engineering”. However Globalization is too worried about how it is contributing to the environmental challenges, other issues are often overlooked. Such as the threat to potable water. One big factor that is affecting access to water is “internationally-induced: free trade and foreign direct investment”. Trying to keep up with the production, the countries develop “production practices'', eventually leading to fast wastewater production. While simultaneously increasing the usage of water. The problem with increasing production of whatever item is that the poor nations themselves don't have properly enforced “environmental regulations”. While also not having the necessary infrustrauce and equipment to treat the wastewater. Now that many know the consequences of Globalization affecting resources. It is only a matter of figuring out a way to manage production while keeping it sustainable.

Rudra, Nita. “Globalization and Water Crisis in Developing Countries”. Global Features Initiative,2016,https://globalfutures.georgetown.edu/responses/globalization-and-water-crisis-in-developing-countries, Date Accessed 11 Feb 2022.

Sun, Ge. No title. 2021. Rwanda. https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/compass/2013/12/10/developing-countries-tap-future-water-availability/. Date accessed 25 February 2022.

According to Roberta Attansio, in her article “Biodiversity Under Attack in Rivers : Human Activities cause changes all around'', The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released a report in 2015 that stated the three main issues that face the planet which are the climate, Biodiversity, and pollution. In that report, it was stated by the Secretary-General that we are facing the Consequences of not co existing with the environment in the form of “human suffering, towering economic losses and the fast erosion of life on earth. Although the awareness of lack of Biodiversity is apparent in “Marine Systems,", there has not been any significant attention until now. Half of the Global river systems have heavily been affected by humans, leading to the “homogenization of Rivers'. A big contributor to the lack of biodiversity in temperate rivers is habitat fragmentation. In an assessment, 48% of all river flow worldwide has been altered from dams. Although Rivers today are very similar to each other in terms of fish species. If a species foreign to that area is brought into the habitat, it will result in “more diversity”. Also it depends on the specific region for different factors that play a role in biodiversity changes. “In North America, a large role is played not only by fragmentation but also by the large Agricultural and Industrial use of water.

Attanasio, Roberta. “Biodiversity Under Attack in Rivers : Human Activities Cause Changes all around the Globe”. IEAM Blog,https://ieamblog.com/2021/03/03/biodiversity-under-attack-in-rivers-human- activities-cause-changes-all-around-the-globe/. Date accessed 11 Feb 2022.

Bryan Montoya, Susan. “A River used to run through it: how New Mexico handles a dwindling Rio Grande”. 2021. New Mexico.https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jan/12/rio-grande-new- mexico-river-water. Date accessed 25 February 2022.

In the video provided by the National Geographic corporation, in 2011 the largest dam removal began on the Elwha River in Washington State. Two hydroelectric dams were removed restoring the critical spawning habitat for endangered salmon species. The conservationist said “it isn't just about pulling down the dam for fish passage… It's also about liberating wood and settlement on the near shore.” When talking about the overall project she said “the ecosystem is going to be restored from this action.”

Shaffer, Anna. “After Largest Dam Removal in U.S. History, This River Is Thriving | National Geographic.”Youtube, uploaded by National Geographic, 2 June 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VipVo8zPH0U&t=201s.

Emric, Amel. No title. 2019. Bosnia-Herzegovina. https://www.euronatur.org/en/what-we-do/news/europe- s-rivers-are-damned-by-dams.Date accessed 25 February 2022