Hear Our Voice: Increasing Native American Leadership in Politics
Matt Nez
Acoma Pueblo
Hear Our Voice: Increasing Native American Leadership in Politics
Matt Nez
Acoma Pueblo
Matt's Personal iPhone Photo, 2021
Matt's Personal iPhone Photo, 2018
"Sharing One Skin"
In the article, “Sharing One Skin,” Ms. Armstrong is saying that she has responsibilities to take care of because that is what she was brought up to. She comes from two different types of tribes like her mother is River Indian they are in charge with the fisheries in the Northern parts of Columbia River. Her father is a Mountain Indian. He from the Northern part of British Columbia, well it's known at the Okanagan, they didn't live near the river basin because his people were hunters instead. So this explains that she has a lot of responsibilities with both of her family tribes.
Armstrong, Jeanette “Sharing One Skin.” Paradigm Wars Indigenous Peoples Resistance to Globalization . Eds Mander, Jerry and Victoria Tauli-Corpuz. Sierra BooksClubs. 2006. Print> pp 34-39.
Matt's Personal iPhone Photo, 2018
In the chapter, “Native American Identity,” Mr. Horse explains that identity for Native Americans is difficult to tell you who you really are. Some Native Americans may say I’m from here, but actually my grandfather and my ancestors were from here instead. Also, they might not know or understand their language, but they identify themselves as being native. Some natives may not be considered Native American, but they feel they are.
Horse, Perry G. “Native American Identity,” Serving Native American Students. Wiley Periodicals Inc, 2005. Pp 61-68.
“Growing Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Congress.” Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 28 Jan. 2021 Accessed 6 Apr. 2022
The article is about the issue of Native Politics also that they talk about Indian peoples who are engaged in politics on many levels. They are citizens of the United States, as well as of their own individual tribes, bands, or communities. The term nation is most often used to underscore the sovereignty of Indian peoples. When referring to one's tribe, it is common to say "the Nation." Indeed, the tribes continue to exist as "nations within a nation." This right to self-government has been guaranteed by centuries of United States Indian law. Natives find themselves with many identities. One may be Pawnee, for example, and also American—with allegiance and obligations to both nations. Native people are also residents of the states in which they live and much of the political struggle over sovereignty today involves resisting attempted state inroads on the rights of tribal people to be self-governing. The majority of modern Indian peoples do not live on a reservation. Rather they have made their homes elsewhere in the United States. They continue to be Indian, an ethnic and cultural identity that can be difficult to maintain while living as minority groups within American society. Thus the sovereignty of tribal governments is important to these people as well.
Welch, Deborah. “Indian Political Issues Overview.” Political Issues, Revised Edition, Facts On File, 2019. American Indian History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=18626&itemid=WE43&articleId=190552. Accessed 16 Dec. 2021.
"Tribal Sovereignty and Governance"
In this article it talks about In 1924, Congress passed the Indian Citizenship Act, a final step extending the right to vote to all Indian peoples. The Fourteenth Amendment, added to the Constitution after the Civil War, bestowed citizenship on "all persons born or naturalized in the United States." But the amendment was written to apply to former black slaves. Fifteen years later, the Supreme Court made the distinction clear by ruling that an American Indian must separate himself from his tribe and undergo formal naturalization (much like an immigrant) in order to achieve citizenship. The 1890 Indian Territory Naturalization Act made it possible for people in Indian Territory to apply to the federal courts for American citizenship while retaining their tribal citizenship. Recognizing the Indian veterans who had served in the U.S. armed forces during World War I, Congress passed an act giving them the right to vote in 1919. Five years later, citizenship was extended to all Indian peoples. Government organization varies widely, a reflection of the different cultures of Indian peoples. Some, like the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma, retain the office of principal chief, to be aided by a deputy chief and tribal council. In December 1990, the tribal council established a district court and expanded the tribe's police force into the Cherokee Nation Marshal Service. Like all Indian nations, these police must work with local law enforcement officers within their states. The Cherokees have a cross-deputation agreement with the fourteen counties of north-eastern Oklahoma, which includes Cherokee land.
Welch, Deborah. “Tribal Sovereignty and Governance.” Political Issues, Revised Edition, Facts On File, 2019. American Indian History, online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=18626&itemid=WE43&articleId=190556. Accessed 17 Dec. 2021.
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"Off the reservation; Lexington."
The article “Off the reservation; Lexington,” is about the progress that Native Americans took the politicians seriously. It was the midterm election when Donald Trump was in office. It is also when two Native American women were elected to Congress for the first time. Native Americans were so proud. Deb Haaland said, "Representation matters. And if you disagree, try not being represented for over 200 years and then see how it feels to have someone who looks like you in Congress!" The article also stated that “According to a count by Mark Trahant of the website Indian Country Today, 103 native candidates ran for office in the midterms. At least 60 won.” It was mostly Democrats that won as candidates. Only 70% percent of the Native American live in cities and they are educated Native Middle-Class has emerged. Some of the progress is driven by Native Casino which also helped fund Ms. Haaland´s campaign. Native American still represent less than 2% of the population. None of the candidates for national and statewide office made much of their Nativeness on the trail. It helped Ms Haaland win a tough primary, but mainly because white liberals in Albuquerque wanted to send a native woman to Congress. The fact that New Mexico was the last state to give Indians the vote in 1962.
"Off the reservation; Lexington." The Economist, vol. 429, no. 9120, 1 Dec. 2018, p. 26(US). Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A563730626/AONE?u=nm_p_elportal&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=8d2b81dc. Accessed 17 Nov. 2021.
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"Midterm elections set the stage for a series of historic firsts."
The article ¨Midterm elections set stage for series of historic firsts¨ is about when midterm elections came up and tells us about what happened during the time. Also they were mentioned like what are the first during the Midterm elections like the House of Representatives to expect to see their first female Native American member. They were mentioned in the State to like that in Arizona they will elect their first female senator, and Nevada might become the first state to have a Legislative made up of a majority of women. They also had a list of groups of the first of things like African-American governors, LGBT governors, Senate, and House. But the only that has Native Americans is in the House groups which includes and say that Deb Haaland, New Mexico Democrat and Sharice Davids, a Kansas Democrat are the first Native American women elected to Congress. Davids is from the Ho-Chunk Tribe and Haaland enrolled member of the Pueblo of Laguna.
"Midterm elections set the stage for a series of historic firsts." CNN Wire, 6 Nov. 2018. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A561256922/AONE?u=nm_p_elportal&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=5d79fd75. Accessed 17 Nov. 2021.
This video is about when they celebrated the win of Deb Haaland of becoming Secretary of the Interior because of her and another woman who is also Native American in Kansas. Deb Haaland is from New Mexico and she is from the Pueblo of Laguna. She was really happy that she became the first woman in Congress as Native American. She talks about how hard the struggle she had gone through along the way because she mentioned that she had people who didn't believe in her or doubt her. But she said that they were afraid to say it in front of her face and she told about her struggle that Natives go through like drinking is the main one because she went through that path but now she is 30 years sober. She was telling me that she's happy that she has another person with her by her side too. Like having someone that looks like her as a Native way because there's are the only Native women to ever serve as Native Congresswomen. She also can't wait for more to come because they will be able to speak out the truth of what Native go through like struggle to get food and being Native.
First Native American Congresswoman Deb Haaland Talks Centuries of Progress | Sunday TODAY, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=viBLTbdwjks, Accessed on January 18, 2022.
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"Reclamation of Native Identity, 1988–2000."
The article “Reclamation of Native Identity” talks about where all the Natives are still continuing to regain everything that we are fighting for like our traditional, cultural, and economic. They were also talking about Identity that one of the issues that we are going through because it's really important to know who you are and where you come from. It talks about how the world is using our identity of contemporary like depictions of us by the media in sports and popular culture. The article talks about the indigenous languages being reclaimed, revitalized, and maintained. It was talking about Mascots and Stereotypes where all the Native groups are very concerned about how other people's cultures see us. Like we are most seen in public not as people but mostly in sports and pop culture. The way people see the mascots the only see it as a fashion identity, then of course many of Indigenous people think of them as perpetuate inauthentic and harmful images. Since the Indigenous people were seeing how the Mascots were making people think about how we are when clearly we aren't like how they see it. Like people maybe think like oh since that Mascots is that i be that's how all Native American are like that.
Watkins, Joe. "Reclamation of Native Identity, 1988–2000." The American Mosaic: The American Indian Experience, ABC-CLIO, 2022, americanindian-abc-clio-com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/Search/Display/2219996. Accessed 17 Feb. 2022.
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"The Rise of Self-Determination Policy "
In this article “The Rise of Self-Determination Policy” it talks about in the 1960’s it was the era known as Self Determination. The Native Americans were to refer to the movement to restore control on tribal governments and education, renew culture and communities. It was during a time when former President John F Kennedy and Vice President Lyndon B Johnson were in office. Also that they were the ones who democratic coalition of minority groups, bringing people together for civil rights. When Johnson was in office the federal policies turned towards redistributing federal taxes and the wealth that included the policy to encourage the civil rights for greater opportunity. While I was reading it was talking about that they were barely talking about Native policy and issues that tribal leaders were not that active in the Democratic movement or even the Policy development of the Great Society programs. In the early 1960’s the federal administration in Indian Country was finally managed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. By the late 1960s and 1970s, tribal governments received funds from a variety of federal agencies for housing, education, police, and tribal court administration.
Champagne, Duane. "The Rise of Self-Determination Policy ." The American Mosaic: The American Indian Experience, ABC-CLIO, 2022, americanindian-abc-clio-com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/Topics/Display/1521909?cid=41&sid=1521909. Accessed 17 Feb. 2022.