Armstrong, Jeanette. “Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community,” in Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (eds), The case Against the Global Economy. San Francisco, CA, Sierra Club Books, 1996. Pp 460-470.

Horse, Perry G. “Native American Identity.” New Directions for Student Services, no. 109, © Wiley Periodicals, Inc, 2005.

In the Audio Matter of Fact Litening Tour: To be an American (23:47-26:45) Soledad O'brien gives a brief historical overview of Native American citizenship to the United States which was exactly in 1924, how citizenship took longer than African Americans, and women. She also says explicitly, ¨Their fight to belong¨. That phase is too true, she had talked about the key aspect of ¨fight¨, citizenship, and appointing that Native Americans were the first citizens upon this land. However, Nikii Pitre the executive Director, and center for native american youth. She tells us a little story about her ¨Jaykeleh¨ a lake where she knew they had fished, had ceremonies, and cultural happenings at the age of 8 years old. One day a boy sped across her and he had said ¨go back to the reservation, i hate native americans, they need to go back where they came from, they're not american¨. Nikii is a part of the Coeur D'alene tribe. She also gives a history that her people were forced into boarding schools and had their haircut,punished for speaking their language, with the quote ¨kill the indian save the man, because how could an indian be a man?¨. She states that we see this in modern life where Native Americans are misrepresented, inaccurate histories that Native Americans are forced to learn in school. Nikii comes to the conclusion that she had to learn all the president's names, while her peers did not know her own tribe's chiefs. Despite colonization, termination, and erasure she says we keep fighting because Native Americans are resilient. She reassures her daughter that she belongs here, and that she belongs to this land, it is in her blood, and no one cannot take that away. Her dream is to increase sight so future generations can walk proudly after generations have passed.

Soledad O'Brien's. "Matter of Fact Listening Tour" Continues With a Fierce

of American Identity. Youtube, uploaded by Lauran Puckett-Pope 16,

Mar. 2021.

https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/a35842141/soledad-obrien-matter

of-fact- listening-tour-to-be-an-american/

In this referenced article that is a Background Essay, it talks about Native American major or minor urban areas, and on their own reservations. Different population rates within the United states and Canada of Indigenous communities. The main concept was to admit that there are many more reports due to suicides upon those communities, than the abnormal white communities. Native American suicides are 1.7 are the highest rate for suicides in the whole racial group. The reasons behind to native depression and social alienation that involve suicides review would be because of colonization, and the main white people mainstream. This had created huge historical and social gaps, alienating the long history of wars, historical stereotypes, and misinformation about indigenous people and their cultures. Native Americans' modern history has been quite difficult. There are still pertinent issues of social alienation, native marginalization, mainstream rejection of people, poverty, low-self esteem, identity loss, cultural confusion, and disconnection from tribal traditions. It also talks about the Native American suicides where the suicide occurs whether it be ideation, accidental, suicide occuring within home situations, outside of home, inside instituations like boarding school and prisons. She also provides us a little informational background that had happened in September of 1985, which involved 12 deather on the Rosebud Reservation in SD, where 28 people had committed suicide during 2005-07, and another at the Mescalaero Apache reservation in New Mexico where five youth killed themselves. As of today Indigenous people engage to find themselve. This is what each Native person intends to go through. Canada has also had the highest rates in the world. Many youth suicides within canada that they were not in a safe place, it also connected to the mainstream world of how Native Americans are treated in Urban society. Isolation and the lack of healthy relations, and social actions are to be associated with the problem. Physical emotion and sexual abuse, neglect, poverty, could lead to substance abuse that youth feel that they are alone.

Fixico, Donald L. "Background Essay." The American Mosaic: The American Indian Experience, ABC-CLIO, 2021, americanindian-abc-clio- com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/Search/Display/1652143. Accessed 8 Oct. 2021.

This article talks about what happened within History of the trail of tears, also known as the “Trail where we cried” to cherokees. It brings up the Indian Removal Act, Cherokees Assimilate, Treaty of the Echota Contested, Tremendous Loss during Removal, and the Relocation to Oklahoma territory. The Trail of Tears is a migration of the southeastern tribes that happened around 1830’s. The CHerokees had to be relocated from the US government policy of removal. The Indian Removal Act was signed by Andrew Jackson, it was now that governments would pay Native Americans for their land and have them relocated to Oklahoma. Five tribes known as the Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, and the Seminole tribes who had all signed the removal treaties, which in this case was exchanged for western land. Before leaving for western land, some cherokees ended up staying behind. The treaty of the Echota Contested was a treaty that was signed by the congress to oppose the removal of the Cherokee within the next two following years. Trendomous Loss During Removal is when the process begins for the Trail of Tears, after the Cherokee did not follow the removal treaty, which led the government into the deadline of the removal act. This allowed the Cherokees to be placed in stockades, and had to await.Although there was supposed to be no disobedience upon Indian humanely, theri were treatments that were severe. Families ended up being seperated and departure was followed with. The last departure finally made it to Oklahoma in March 1839. The Cherokees remained to rebuild their nation, by developing their own written language, a constitution, and a published newspaper.

Bertolet, Jennifer L. "Trail of Tears." The American Mosaic: The American Indian

Experience, ABC-CLIO, 2021, americanindian-abc-clio-

com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/Search/Display/1385378. Accessed 8 Oct. 2021.

Columbia University Medical Center. "Suicide risk for youth sharply higher in the months after self-harm." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 19 March 2018. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180319120505.htm>

Soledad O'Brien's. "Matter of Fact Listening Tour" Continues With a Fierce Dissection of American Identity. Youtube, uploaded by Lauran Puckett-Pope 16, Mar. 2021.

https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/a35842141/soledad-obrien-

matter-of-fact-listening-tour-to-be-an-american/

In the Article ¨Sacred Medicine: Indigenous Healing and Mental Health” This participatory action research was designed to create guidelines and strategies to improve the delivery of mental health services to immigrants from Central and South America to the US. The demand for appropriate strategies for addressing the mental health needs of this population is increasing. This study recruited 17 traditional healers and their clients in the US and Peru to share their understanding of mental health needs, the conditions for which someone might seek treatment, and those aspects of traditional cosmology and practice that could inform modern approaches. The findings identified patterns of generational trauma still evident from colonialism, the need to respect the traditional worldview of immigrants in relation to diagnosis of mental distress, connection to nature and place, and the role of community and ancestors to the process of healing and recovery. Recommendations for practitioners to be a bridge between traditional and modern approaches to mental health are offered.

Lucana, Sonia, and John Elfers. "Sacred Medicine: Indigenous Healing and Mental Health." The Qualitative Report, vol. 25, no. 12, Dec. 2020, pp. 4482+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A649160839/AONE? u=nm_s_santafeis&sid=ebsco&xid=98b9c26d. Accessed 3 Nov. 2021.

In the article I read it here's a brief summary, because of new and exacerbated difficulties forced by the COVID-19 pandemic, Indigenous kids and youth in Canada have created inventive and comprehensive answers to intensify their voices, proceed with social commitment, and battle social seclusion for them as well their networks overall. In this investigation, we have chosen three Indigenous philosophical fundamentals as a moral direction for conversation of what the COVID-19 pandemic is meaning for the prosperity of Indigenous youngsters. The directing upsides of interconnected connections, comprehensive quality, and Indigenous-informed supportive equity assist us with interpreting existing pandemic-explicit writing and recognize, characterize and focus on contemplations of the youngsters and youth prosperity from an Indigenous-focused perspective. This investigation can (a) assist with illuminating future pandemic estimates influencing Indigenous youngsters and (b) cultivate comparative contemplations for an Indigenous people group in different districts of the world.

Rogers, Published by Kathe. “Pandemic Impacts for Indigenous Children and Youth within Canada: An Ethical Analysis.” Youth Research and Evaluation EXchange, https://youthrex.com/academic- literature/pandemic-impacts-for-indigenous-children-and-youth- within- canada-an-ethical-analysis/.

The second article talked about Psychological wellness issues in youth and youthfulness represent a significant danger to general wellbeing. Epidemiological investigations in the high, center, and low pay nations demonstrate that around one in every five kids and young people experience the ill effects of a psychological problem. In many occurrences, these endure into adulthood. In South Africa, indigenous youth either have HIV disease, substance use, and openness to viciousness increment weakness to mental issues. Kid and juvenile emotional well-being administrations assume a key part in decreasing the weight of mental issues in adolescence and later in adulthood. This paper centers around the administration's need for kids and youths in South Africa. It initiates with a conversation of the commonness of kid and juvenile mental issues after which the legitimate and strategy setting of kid and young adult mental administrations is portrayed. A structure for kid and young adult emotional well-being administration arrangement is introduced, following which ventures for diminishing the degree of neglected help need are thought of. The paper closes with a call to increase youngster and juvenile emotional well-being administrations in South Africa, in light of the unmistakable real factors of neglected need and the established privileges of kids and youths to proper psychological well-being care.

Flisher, Alan J., et al. "Child and adolescent mental health in South Africa." Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health 24.2 (2012):

King is from the reservation Oneida reservation. When she was 18 she had moved to NYC to go to college. At her early ages her mother always said "At a very young age, my mom always made sure to remind me of where I come from and who my ancestors are and how important our culture and our medicine is”. talks about having providing health and wellness services to Native Americans in NYC. She talks about blood quantum, IHS. When she was in NYC she say there was a lack of Indian Health programs. Coming from a reservation to an urban native you lack that knowledge, and self-esteem towards yourself, and people don't intend to realize that. Although some tribes do have blood quantum. There is also a problem in there if you come from a descendant, and have a fraction of native in you. Your children will have less quantum having possible no recognition of the tribe, and accessing them to the resources they were entitled to. Which made her be considerate of others and get a degree in public health because she believes we are one, which we are. To have that connection to herself more than ever.

Bookman, Sandra. “Urban Indigenous Collective Helps Provide Health and Wellness Services to Native Americans in NYC.” ABC7 New York, WABC-TV, 17 Nov. 2021, https://abc7ny.com/native-american-indian- sutton-king-urban-indigenous-collective/11243184/.