Native American identity

-Perry G. Horse

For my interpretation I never realized how much of a cultural change there is between my community and the “outside”. Personally I knew it existed but didn’t really bother to think much about it. The statement that really stood out to me was “She commented on the change in our diet from traditional foods to prepackaged goods.” Diets change either by choice or sometimes it just happens. I disagree with the “all white people have privilege” statement however. “White people” can be oppressed and not everyone has privilege and the statement they’re grandma made. “ my grandmother said in 1950. She noticed that the young people chose not to speak our native Kiowa language.” I disagree with this statement because not everyone chooses not to speak the language; some just don’t have the resources to learn it or are too embarrassed to speak another language other than their native tongue. Again not saying they do not want to speak it just that it's not easy for them to do.

Perry G. Horse. “Native American Identity” New Directions For Student Services. No 109. Wiley Periodicals Inc. 2005. Print. Pp 61-68

Homelessness and Mental Health: An Overview - Pamela J. Fischer & William R. Breakey

This first article gives us a simple insight into about homelessness in Western and European cities stating that “During the great depression of the ‘30s, people displaced from their homes and deprived of their livelihood congregated in American and European cities becoming a symbol of the problems of the times” Not much is to be said or summarized about this specific article other than that with the rise homelessness is often due to public support programs closing and trends like expensive housing with high unemployment rates and also changes in a family.

Pamela J. Fischer, William R. Breakey, Homelessness and Mental Health: An Overview, Taylor Francis Online, 04 September 2015,

What would housing the homeless lead to? “UNM Study reveals cost benefits in housing the homeless.” -Gonzalez, Carolyn

covers a study conducted on those affected by homelessness getting housing assistance. Although this article was written in 2014 it is still relevant as this is still fairly recent even if the world has entered a pandemic. This article is fairly short but full of information such as housing costs and the decreases in emergency room visits, jail visits and public services and the percentages given is amazing showing how much of a change this can have for example “Hospital inpatient costs decreased by 83.8 percent and medical outpatient costs decreased by 39.1 percent.” To simplify this inpatient means that whoever went to the hospital had to stay at the hospital because of their condition while the outpatient was just getting seen and treated. Not only does housing provide shelter for the homeless but it is also a chance to get a fresh start and start moving forward from where they were in life.

Gonzalez, Carolyn, UNM Study reveals cost benefits in housing the homeless, 05 June 2014,http://news.unm.edu/news/unm-study-reveals-cost-benefits-in-housing-the-homeless

New Mexico rise highest in the nation - KRQE

Stepping back into homelessness in Albuquerque this video by KRQE covers the high rise of homelessness and yet again it is due to the high rise of housing in the state along with any disabilities and medical issues such as mental health problems putting people out of commision no longer being able to work.

New Mexico rise highest in the nation, KRQE, 10 January 2020, Report: New Mexico's rise in homelessness highest in the nation

History of Homelessness - University of Washington

This first article covers homelessness during the early stages of colonial America which is about 1640 according to what the article says. They were called vagrants at first since they didn’t stay in one place and chose to keep wandering, often having police after them for only managing to stay alive by begging. Homelessness really only started to become a problem after the King Philip war of 1675-1676 which was against the Native people. The count of those that were homeless rose not only because of the aftermath of war in the area but due to any natural disasters that could have happened at the time as well. Charities arose to help those that were homeless later on in time and even requested funding from the government but it stated that “ The government received criticism from many charity organizations but turned deaf ears on them.”.

University of Washington, History of homelessness, https://depts.washington.edu/triolive/quest/2007/TTQ07033/origins.html

Emergency Shelters Are Serving an Increasingly Vulnerable Population - National Alliance to End Homelessness

Shelters that can get people in and out and that can provide basic necessities are most valued when needed the most which is going to be forever unless the homeless problem is solved as a whole somehow one day but for now immediate indoor shelter is better then having to deal with the dangers of the streets and elements. That being said, shelters can’t always provide everything but it's better than having nothing at all.

Emergency Shelters Are Serving an Increasingly Vulnerable Population, 18 April 2018, ,https://endhomelessness.org/resource/emergency-shelters-serving-increasingly-vulnerable-population/

🇫🇷 Sleeping rough in Paris: Homeless numbers on the rise - Al Jazeera English -

This video by Al Jazeera English answers quick questions about how France is dealing with homelessnes. The video tells us that France at the time had 140,000 homeless people in the country and 30,000 of the 140 were in France's capital Paris. Along with this Refugees at the time who fled to France were said to be added to the rising homeless population. A man they interviewed said he had been homeless for 5 years and when he was about why he’s not staying in a shelter he replied with it being too dangerous to stay in one and that you were bound to run into trouble there.

Sleeping rough in Paris: Homeless numbers on the rise.

Uploaded by Al Jazeera English December 31, 2017. 🇫🇷 Sleeping rough in Paris: Homeless numbers on the rise | Al Jazeera English

Homelessness in India - Mawish Moiz While India does have a flourishing economy 88,000,000 citizens out of the 1.2 billion that reside there live below the poverty line which is 6.7% of the population. India also suffers from workforce discrimination towards woman and that due to a major lack of affordable housing and a wealth inequality problem. Many of the homeless in India resort to making a shack out of any materials they can find like cardboard boxes, metal scrap and wood. These shelters are usually taken down by police and that restarts the cycle of poverty from zero.

Moiz, Mawish. “Homelessness in India - 5 Great Questions Answered by Experts.” CAUF Society, 21 May 2021, https://caufsociety.com/homelessness-in-india/.

Manila's Newly Homeless Tell of Survival in Lockdown - Ongcal, Alecs

Michelle Sicat was living in Metro Manila working to support her family when Covid-19 began its surge in the Philippines leading to the lockdown of the country and city she was in. Since the Philippines went immediately to the strictest lockdown possible which in turn resulted in her not being able to go back home to her family and homeless in a city she was only working in. She was soon picked up by Government social workers and taken to an emergency shelter where she wasn’t allowed to leave and was told to pose with the donations that were given to them, However they never received the donations as they were locked up as soon as they were done with the photo op.

Ongcal, Alecs. “Manila's Newly Homeless Tell of Survival in Lockdown – Photo Essay.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 8 Oct. 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/oct/08/we-just-need-food-manilas-newly-homeless-tell-stories-of-survival-in-lockdown-photo-essay.

The power of voice; advocating for aboriginal voices - Michelle Oliver, University of Saskatchewan

Many people are silenced everyday be it through language loss, media, threats or by force. In the case of this article the Aboriginal people of Australia experienced the same loss of language and life the same way the indigenous people of North America did. Children taken from homes and sent off to schools without a parent's voice being heard or even the child's and just like the indigenous children of North America they were forced to literally and spiritually strip the voices of their language, their traditions and their identity because it wasn’t seen as right by those who used power to impose their language and culture. Some children even falsely believe that their original language and culture was wrong.

Essay: The power of voice; advocating for aboriginal voices by Michelle Oliver, University of Saskatchewan, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2014