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"Sharing One Skin"
"Sharing One Skin"
Armstrong, Jeanette. “Sharing One Skin: The Okanagan Community,” in Jerry Mander and Edward Goldsmith (eds), The Case Against the Global Economy. San Francisco, CA, Sierra Club Books, 1996. Pp 460-470.
In the first article that we read, I read about the Okanagan meaning of identity and what it means to be a part of that community. Throughout the article we see examples of identity and what it means to the author. She talks about the 4 capacities of self; physical self, emotional self, thinking in intellectual self, and spiritual self and what happens within those capacities. The physical self is where we depend entirely on the parts of us that exist beyond our skin. The emotional self is what connects us to everything around us. The thinking in intellectual self is where we have that spark which ignites our thinking. The last one is spiritual self and it means that the individual being is part of something bigger which connects to the world. She also talks about her family ties to the Okanagan community and where her family comes into play in her definition of identity. Another thing that she talks about is communication and the role that technology plays in the native communities today. She talks about language and how we are all connected in one way, but different in the way we identify our lives and ourselves.
The connection that I had with this article is that of the 4 capacities of self. I personally value these aspects in my life, such as I believe that being Native American I have two ways of living. One in the way of western civilization and the other in the traditional way being that we will always have community and our traditional ways. Also I really like how she talks about everyone having a part in the community and we each have our own identity which makes our communities unique. How she explains where she is from and how she connects to the earth, her responsibilities to give thanks and show love for the planet. I really enjoyed this whole article because it showed the way that the Okanagan people of Canada have sort of the same views of identity as my tribe of Santo Domingo Pueblo.
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Native American identity
Native American identity
Horse, Perry G. “Native American Identity.” New Directions for Student Services, no. 109, © Wiley Periodicals, Inc, 2005. Pp. 61-68.
In the second reading that I did, the main topic that I saw from the article was about tribal identity. Tribal identity in the way that being Native American, you have some privileges that only natives would have. Within most of our tribal communities we have sovereignty which allows us to govern our tribes with little to no help from the government. The author talks about how their grandma once said one day we are going to be like white people, we are losing our languages and some tribes are losing traditional ways of life. She talks about the cultural change and the difference between being native american and an american indian. She brings up the way that we have adopted the ways of the white man and we are so in tune with mainstream society that we forget our native ways.
The connection that I had with this article is that I agree with the topics she talks about. Such as the cultural changes that we have encountered over the years with the federal government and only being given recognition as a sovereign tribe in 1924. When her grandma talks about us turning into white people, I thought about that and what my family members have told me growing up telling me to learn my language and that I must never forget where I come from. I understand when the author talks about change being a part of nature but I think that we as native americans have our whole tribal identity in our hands, we can choose to live in mainstream society or practice our traditional ways to preserve it for the generations to come .What I also read was that under sovereign rule the tribes have the authority to determine who is a tribal member and who is not which made sense to me being that when we are born we are given a tribal id and tribal census number.
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Study Data from U.S Geological Survey
"Study Data from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Provide New Insights into Wildlife Management (Sage-grouse Population Dynamics Are Adversely Affected By Overabundant Feral Horses)." Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week, 4 Sept. 2021, p. 152. Gale In Context: Middle School,link.gale.com/apps/doc/A673628934/MSIC?u=nm_s_santafeis&sid=ebsco&xid=e212c00d. Accessed 8 Oct. 2021.
In the first article “ Study Data from U.S Geological Survey ” the topic that is being discussed is feral horses that are grazed on federal lands. Some facts they bring up is that in recent years they have seen that more feral horses are roaming lands which causes sagebrush and other rangeland plants to become more scarce due to overpopulation of horses. The number of horses have caused the decline of these plants to decline at a rate of 99% if the horse population was three times the carrying capacity. If the population of horses on rangeland was to be reduced to manageable levels then we would not be in this situation we are in right now. This article really is significant because it explains the same thing that is happening in my community and gave me good information on overgrazing.
The connection that I have with this article is that the same thing is happening in my community. Reading this article I see the same problem is happening because of the animals and people mismanaging the lands .I see that it isn't only feral horses but it is also cows and sheep that our own tribal members take ownership of. I agree with what is being said because if we reduce the amount of livestock that is being grazed on lands then the rangeland plants will start to grow more and more. I think that we will be able to overcome this situation that we are in and our lands will become green year after year.
Spark Horticulture Conservation and Land Management Program
Youtube, Youtube, 2 Dec.2020, https://www.Youtube.com/watch?v=-xM_13ws76w. Accessed 24 Sep 2021.
In the video SPARK Horticulture Conservation and Land Management Program 2020, it talks about conservation efforts and a group in which they go out into the field and do conservation and restoration work. They have a set amount of 40 years that they will be working to help restore and conserve the lands in which they hope will thrive once again. They have been working to plant trees and reintroduce some native species into the environment. All of this work is to help people conservation work get more knowledge and experience while working to help restore lands. They talk about what must be done to have these efforts be successful in the long run.
My connection to this video is that if my community were to have something like this over the summer our tribal lands would gradually see an increase in population. I really enjoyed this video because it talked about how the group's efforts are paying off and they are seeing the plants and trees they planted regenerate an area that was dying out. I think I was interested when they showed and explained that everything they do, they use what was already there such as watering the trees that they grew. After watching the video it made me realize that if we go back to using the resources that are readily available more carefully then we can use that to help restore our lands efficiently.
Impacts of land use and land cover change and reforestation on summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin
Li, Wei, et al. "Impacts of land use and land cover change and reforestation on summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol. 25, no. 8, 24 Aug. 2021, p. 4531. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A673064904/AONE?u=nm_s_santafeis&sid=ebsco&xid=5e893629. Accessed 8 Oct. 2021.
In the second article that I read which is “Impacts of land use and land cover change and reforestation on summer rainfall in the Yangtze River basin” it talks about the land usage in the Yangtze basin. It also talks about the summer rains over the years and how it has slowly decreased which is causing the area to die out of vegetation. They talk about the studies and what they have observed in those study sites. They bring up some key methods of how they can restore and fight against the land changes if the people can do their part and not miss use the land. The result that they have found out is that over the years they have seen that in the study areas the land is slowly becoming more of a thriving ecosystem both for plants and animals.
The connection that I had between this article was that my community is starting to study areas that are dying out due to lack of rain and land miss management. In my community we have many sites that have low vegetation due to overgrazing and lack of rainfall so this had some effect on my topic which hit home because of what they did in slowing down the rate of land loss. I think that this really taught me a way that I can do my action plan to help my community in efforts to get more lands back. I hope that by doing this I will be able to get my community more involved in restoration efforts.
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Data on Functional Ecology Discussed by Researchers at Northeast Normal University
“Data on Functional Ecology Discussed by Researchers at Northeast Normal University (Livestock Overgrazing Disrupts the Positive Associations Between Soil Biodiversity and Nitrogen Availability).” Ecology, Environment & Conservation, 29 May 2020, p. 129. EBSCOhost,
In this article is it talking about research from the National Natural Science Foundation of China in which they have studied the effects on soil biodiversity due to overgrazing. They discovered that the soil where grazing is happening has little to less than normal levels of nitrogen and other nutrients that the soil and plants need. The bacteria and fungal have played a big role in the soil improvement, being that they add some of those nutrients back into the soil. They believe that overgrazing is responsible for the restrain of capacity in soil diversity that is needed to sustain the ecosystem. In the end of the article they say that this causes everything to change in the way of land management and strategies. ( National Natural Science Foundation of China)
Government Eases Rules for Livestock That Graze on Federal Land
Kenworthy, Tom. “Government Eases Rules for Livestock That Graze on Federal Land (NEWS).” USA Today, 17 June 2005, p. 07A. EBSCOhost, search-ebscohost-com.sfis.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsric&AN=edsric.A133338744&site=eds-live.
This article is talking about how the Government has eased the requirements and restrictions for livestock grazing. The key topic that is discussed is that the portion of land will be about 140 million acres in the west where the restrictions will be less strict. They also talk about the rules if broken they will have to reduce the amount of cattle that can be grazed on a certain stretch of land. With this being in effect all the cattle owners must share the same water rights with each other and boundary fences which can not be moved or changed from the original agreement. ( Kenworthy)
Ranchers Combat Overgrazing to Fight Climate Change
VOA News. Ranchers Combat Overgrazing to Fight Climate Change. Uploaded by VOA News. November 23, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ct7iQxs7RMQ
This video talks about a farm in northern Texas where they have a small area that is grazed by the cattle. Meredith Ellis, the landowner, is worried about her children's future and how the land will look for them, so she is using a different strategy to graze her cattle by having that small area and allowing the seeds to regenerate and grow on a different pasture. The main issue that is also discussed is climate change and how grass takes carbon dioxide from the air and to the roots which allows the grass to grow. They talk about the water cycle and how the water is filtered throughout the grasslands. But with overgrazing those lands are prone to floods. ( Voa News)
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"Grant to improve conservation on Native American grazing lands." Indian Life, vol. 39, no. 4, Jan.-Feb. 2019, p. 3. Gale In Context: Middle School, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A576210974/MSIC?u=nm_s_santafeis&sid=ebsco&xid=55780642. Accessed 16 Feb. 2022.
In the article that I read “Grant to improve conservation on Native American grazing lands ” the author is talking about a grant that was approved to distribute $98,000 amongst tribal communities dealing with grazing issues. Additional funding will come from sponsors and different organizations to cover the proposed 22 project sites .They will work together to come up with conservation plans that they can implement in their communities. The money will also help the communities with agricultural issues and conservation efforts.
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Grossman, Joanna. "Haaland has bold vision for wild horse management." Santa Fe New Mexican [Santa Fe, NM], 26 Mar. 2021, p. 9. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A656406324/ITOF?u=nm_s_santafeis&sid=ebsco&xid=cda32fdc. Accessed 16 Feb. 2022.
The second article is talking about how Deb Haaland is acting upon the feral horses in New Mexico. It gives a statement about the amount of land that is still actively managed by the Interior Department of New Mexico. Like the first article the main component is about funding projects to give vaccinations to the feral horses seen throughout the grasslands of New Mexico. For some of the communities that have seen an enormous amount of horses on the land they have suggested a slaughter or some other outlet to get rid of the horses.
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Liu, John. Green Gold - Documentary by John D. Liu. Youtube , Permaculture Day, 19 July 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBLZmwlPa8A. Accessed 17 Feb. 2022.
In the video that I watched it shows John D. Liu and his adventures helping indigenous communities that have been impacted by natural disasters and overgrazing. He shows the restoration techniques that he uses to give us a better understanding of what he is trying to accomplish. The parts where he talks about locking areas away so that the plants and trees can regenerate was a good example of ways that the tribes can see more of the plants that are affected by the livestock. He talks to the people who inhabit the communities and gets their perspective on ways to stop these events from happening, while having to deal with the people who are putting their animals on the land to eat everything up.
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