Embedded Files
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER 2
Unit 7- Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes
Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth
Traditional Society: Characterized by a subsistence economy, limited technology, and a static social structure, with agriculture as the primary economic activity.
Preconditions for Take-off: Involves developing infrastructure, promoting education, and investing in new industries, leading to increased investment in agriculture and manufacturing.
Take-off: Marked by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and a shift towards a capitalist economy, with significant growth in manufacturing sectors and increased investment rates.
Drive to Maturity: Characterized by economic diversification, technological advancements, and improved living standards, with the expansion of industries and services and a focus on innovation and efficiency.
High Mass Consumption: Features a service-dominated economy, high levels of consumption, and a focus on quality of life, with citizens demanding durable consumer goods and a sophisticated society.
Economic Activities
Primary-Extraction of raw materials/resources from the earth's surface
Secondary-processing/making raw materials into a finished product
Tertiary-service secotr; focues on moving, selling, and trading products.
Quaternary-Knowledge based sector, research and information creation and transfer.
Quinary-Highest level of decision making, top officials in governments and business.
Gini Coefficient
- Measures the distribution of income within a population.
-Values between 0-1; the higher the number, the higher the income inequality
-Generally, MDCs have lower Ginis and LDCs have higher Ginis.
GDP-The total value of all goods and services produced in a country over a specific period of time.
GNI-The total income earned by a country's residents and businesses, including income earned from foreign investments and remittances, regardless of whether they are located domestically or abroad.
PPP- A method used to compare the real cost of living and standard of living across different countries by adjusting for price level and cost of living differences, rather than relying solely on nominal exchange rates.
GII- A composite measure that reflects gender disparities in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation, with higher values indicating greater inequality.
GNP- A measure of a country's total economic output, encompassing the value of all goods and services produced by its citizens, both domestically and abroad.
HDI- A composite statistic used to measure a country's overall achievement in key dimensions of human development, including life expectancy, education, and per capita income.
Gerrymandering: Redistricting for political advantage, when political party control the seats and redraw the boundaries to maintain or extend their political power.
What factors impact the type of agriculture grown around the world?
Physical Environment
Soil/Nutrients
Are nutrients naturally occurring in the soil? If not how are the nutrients supplied?
Climate
Agricultural output is determined by bioclimatic zones. Includes amounts of precipitation.
Space/Landforms
Is the land arable or non-arable? Mtn. ranges, deserts
2. Economic Forces: The cost of land, labor and machinery.
Extensive
Large amount of labor
Small plot of land
Usually located near high population
Intensive
Fewer inputs of labor
Large plot of land
Usually located near less population
3. Product Use: Produced for sale/profit or personal food source.
Commercial
Large amounts of products grown for profit
Large plot of land
Usually found in MDCs
Subsistence
For consumption, food sources, minimal profit
Small plot of land
Often in LDCs
Types of Agriculture
Types of Agriculture
Shifting Cultivation:: Farmers move from one field to another, clear and fertilize the land by burning vegetation, and then farmers move when the soil loses fertility.
Dairying: Dairy farmers typically sell their milk to wholesalers who later distribute it to retailers. Retailers then sell it to consumers in shops or at home.
Plantation: A plantation specializes in one crop that is transported for sale on the global market.
Mixed Crop and Livestock: Most money comes from the sale of livestock rather than crop outputs.
Mediterranean: Orchards are common, crops produced for the global market.
Market Gardening/ Truck Farming: Some of the fruits and vegetables are sold fresh to consumers, but most are sold to large processors for canning or freezing.
Commercial Grain: Grown primarily for human consumption. Farms sell their output to manufacturers of food products, such as breakfast cereals and bread.
Wet Rice: The field is prepared with mostly animal power, hillsides are terraced. The fields are flooded with water and is in Indonesia.
Ranching: Commercial grazing of livestock. Eventually they will be sent to feedlots and then be sent to slaughter.
Pastoral Nomadism/ Herding: Nomads move herds to different pastures and trade meat, milk, and hides. Rely upon animals for survival, not profit.
FINAL PROJECT
For our final project of the year, Ms. Massey had us watch Zootopia and connect scenes from the movie to different concepts we’ve studied in AP Human Geography. We picked terms from units 4-7 and explained how they tied into the story. It was a pretty straightforward project, but it was also a great way for everyone to unwind and reflect during the last few stressful weeks of school.
Zootopia turned out to be the perfect movie for this! With its themes of urbanization, cultural diffusion, and issues around race and ethnicity, we were able to connect real-world geographical concepts with the film’s story line in a fun and meaningful way. It gave us a chance to apply what we’ve learned while also getting a much-needed break.
SEMESTER 1
SEMESTER 1
Geography
In this first unit we mainly learned about the map projections and types of maps. The types of maps reflect density in an area in different ways. Sometimes through dots and other times through size. The map projections show the different ways the globe can be reflected onto a flat surface but since it's a sphere being printed onto a flat surface the maps turn out distorted. Throughout the unit we have also learned about other things. A few of the things we have learned are listed below:
Time Space Compression: The compression of geographic space by means of faster transport and communication
Distance Decay: Interaction between two people decreases as distance between them increases.
Globalization: Trade and technological advances making the world a more interconnect place.
Demographic Transition Model
The DTM is the model of how death and birth rates change through educational, societal, and technological development.
It is made up of 3 major components:
Natural Increase Rate(NIR): BR-DR
Crude Birth Rates (CBR): Number of live births occurring per 1,000 population
Crude Death Rates (CDR): Number of live deaths occurring per 1,000 population
Final Project
Final Project
In AP Human, we are currently working on our final project of the semester. Our assignment is to find 36 different terms, get a photo, and explain how the concept is shown in the photo. It is a great way to review for the final while also boosting up our grades!
Page updated
Report abuse