jsmc-10013

HEALING OF Nd:YAG LASER INCISION IN TONGUE OF RABBITS COMPARED WITH SCALPEL INCISION, AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Kamal Ahmad Saeed* and Ismaeel Ibrahim Mahmood**  

*   Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sulaimani. 

** Shorsh Dental Centre, Sulaimani City.  

Submitted: 28/5/2011; Accepted: 15/10/2011; Published 1/12/2011

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.17656/jsmc.10013 

ABSTRACT

Background 

The  incision  quality  and  healing  postoperatively  are  the main  goals  for  the  surgeon. Many  different  laser wavelengths have been used in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery with many advantages, especially because of  their high properties (like selective physical properties,  the wave  length works  in a deeper skin 

structure and it can be applied for removal of vascular lesion).

Objective 

The aim of this study was to compare wound healing in the tongue of rabbits grossly and histologically, after a surgical procedure with Nd:YAG laser and scalpel. 

Methods 

Twelve healthy local breed Rabbits were used in this study; their average age was (2-6) months, divided in to 3  groups,  each  group  includes  4  rabbits.  Two  parallel  incisions  using Nd:YAG  laser  and  a  scalpel were performed  in  the  tongue of  each  rabbit. Power  level of 3 Watts was used  for  the  laser  incisions. Biopsies were taken from group I after 3 days, group II after 5 days and group III after 7 days.

Results 

Grossly, it was found that wound closure (healing) occurred in all of the wounds in scalpel incisions, while it did not occur in Nd:YAG laser incision at 3 and 5days, but seen at 7 days post operatively. Histologically, it was  found  that wound closure (healing) occurred  in all of  the wounds  in scalpel  incisions, while  it did not occur in Nd:YAG laser incision at 3, 5 and 7 days post operatively.

Conclusion 

When compared with traditional surgical procedure, several valuable characteristics of Nd:YAG  laser were found;  laser  produced  precise  surgical  incisions  that  did  not  require  suture, with  little  bleeding  tendency which  simplified  the  surgical  phase. The  disadvantage  of  laser  systems  is  represented  by  histologically evident  thermal  destruction  around  the  laser  beam  incision  and  thermal  damage  caused  delayed  healing process. Healing of  the scalpel  incision was faster  than Nd:YAG  laser incision because scalpel wounds did 

not cause any thermal damage to the incised tissues. 

KEYWORDS

 Healing, Nd: YAG laser incision, Tongue of rabbit, Scalpel incision.

References 

1. Shinoff R. Geronemus RG. Capillary hemangiomas and treatment with the flash lamp pumped pulsed dye laser. Arch Dermatol 1991; 127:202-205.

2. Sexton J. O’Hare D. Simplified treatment of vascular lesions using the argon laser. J. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993; 51:12-16.

3. Romanos GE, Nentwig GH. Der Einsatz des Nd:YAG-Lasers bei der hereditaren hamorrhagischen Teleangiektasie (Morbus Osler). Quintessenz 1997; 48:1613-1618.

4. Koslin MG, Martin JC. The use of the holmium laser for temporomandibular joint arthroscopic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993; 51: 122-123.

5. Keller U, Hibst U. Er:YAG laser effects on oral hard and soft tissues. In: Miserendino LJ, Pick RM (eds), Lasers in Dentistry, pp. 161-172. Chicago,Quintessence 1995.

6. Dibartolomeo JR. Argon and CO2 lasers in otolaryngology: which one, when and why? Laryngoscope.J of Otolaryngology 1981; 26:5–6.

7. Lewandrowski KU, Lorente C, Schomacker KT, Flotte TJ, Wilkes JW, Deutsch TF. Use of the Er:YAG laser for improved planting in maxillofacial surgery. Lasers Surg Med 1996; 19:40–45.

8. Clayman L, Fuller T, Beckman H. Healing of continuous-wave and rapid super pulsed carbon dioxide laser induced bone defects. J Oral Surg 1978; 36:932–937.

9. Fisher SE, Frame JW, Browne RM, Tranter RM. A comparative histological study of wound healing following CO2 laser and conventional surgical excision of canine buccal mucosa. Arch Oral Biol 1983; 28:287–91.

10. McDavid VG, Cobb CM, Rapley JW, Glaros AG. Spencer P Laser irradiation of bone: III. Long-term healing following treatment by CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers. J Periodontol 2001; 72:174–182.

11. Sabbagh L. Easy to Use Long pulse Nd: YAG laser targets selected leg veins. Dermatology Times 1998; 19;10-48.

12. Horch H H, Deppe H. Laser in der Zahnärztlichen Chirurgie und Mund-, Kiefer-und Gesichtschirurgie. In: Berlien H-P, Müller G (Hrsg.): Angew. Lasermedizin. Lehr- und Handbuch für Praxis und Klinik. Losebl.-Ausg. Landsberg, Ecomed, III 2004; 3.3.1, S. 1–28.

13. Anderson RR, Parrish JA. Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science 1983; 220:524–527.

14. Alster TS, Lupton JR. Lasers in dermatology: an overview of types and indications. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001; 2: 291–303 .

15. Mester E. Effect of laser rays on wound healing. Amer J Surg 1971; 122:532-535.

16. Pogrel MA, Yen C-K, Hansen A. A comparison of carbon dioxide laser, liquid nitrogen cryosurgery, and scalpel wounds in healing. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990; 69:269-273.

17. Lohinai Z, Szabó C. Role of nitric oxide in physiology and pathophysiology of periodontal tissues. Med Sci Monit 1998; 4:1089-1095.

18. Law AS, Baumgardner KR, Meller ST, Gebhart GF. Localization and changes in NADPH-diaphorase reactivity and nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in rat pulp following tooth preparation. J Dent Res 1999; 78:1585-1595.

19. Felaco M, Di Nardo Di Maio F, De Fazio P, D Arcangelo C, De Lutiis MA, Varvara G, et al. Localization of the e-NOS enzyme in endothelial cells and odontoblasts of healthy human dental pulp. Life Sci 2005; 68:297-306.

20. Bryant GL, Davidson JM, Ossoff RH, Garrett CG, Reinisch L. Histologic study of oral mucosa wound healing: a comparison of a 6.0- to 6.8-micrometer pulsed laser and a carbon dioxide laser. Laryngoscope 1998; 108:13-17.

21 Goharkhay K, Moritz A, Wilder-Smith P, Schoop U, Kluger W, Jakolitsch S, Sperr W. Effects on oral soft tissue produced by a diode laser in vitro. Lasers Surg Med 1999; 25:401-406.

22. Fisher SE, Frame JW. The effects of the carbon dioxide surgical laser on oral tissues. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1984; 22:414–425.

23. Moreno RA, Hebda PA, Zitelli JA, Abell E. Epidermal cell outgrowth from CO2 laser- and scalpel-cut explants: implants for wound healing. Dermatol Surg Oncol 1984; 10:863-868

Full Text

 © The Authors, published by University of Sulaimani, College of Medicine

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.